Tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton equinum transmitted from asymptomatic dogs to two siblings
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VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY - SHORT COMMUNICATION
Tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton equinum transmitted from asymptomatic dogs to two siblings Sebastian Gnat 1 & Dominik Łagowski 1
&
Aneta Nowakiewicz 1 & Mariusz Dyląg 2
Received: 28 September 2019 / Accepted: 30 November 2019 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2019
Abstract Each year, millions of people worldwide are affected by superficial mycoses, which are frequently caused by dermatophytes having affinity to the scalp, nails, hair and the stratum corneum of the skin. The changing reservoirs of zoophilic dermatophytes, the numerous reports of animal carrier status, and the increasing number of pets make the diagnosis difficult, which is usually impossible based only on medical history. Herein we present a case report of tinea corporis caused by Trichophyton equinum in siblings who had no contact with horses. The routine laboratory diagnostic procedures for identification of isolates were based on phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, especially molecular techniques using rDNA internal transcribed spacer sequences. The results showed that both techniques proved to be insufficiently discriminatory to differentiate two closely related species, i.e. Trichophyton equinum and Trichophyton tonsurans. Introduction of a TEF1 sequence analysis to the diagnostic procedures revealed consistent differences between these two species and facilitated unambiguous identification. Interestingly, dogs that could leave the homestead freely were the source of the infection in children. In conclusion, Trichophyton equinum was considered in the past as a strict zoophilic dermatophyte associated with horses and rarely transmitted to humans. This study revealed that this species can have other reservoirs and live in the fur of asymptomatic animals. Keywords Trichophyton equinum . Reservoir . Diagnostics . Antifungal susceptibility . Superficial infection
Introduction Tinea and ringworm or dermatomycosis are medical terms for superficial infection in animals and humans caused by keratinophilic filamentous fungi [1, 2]. Each year, millions of people worldwide are affected by this infectious agents frequently involving the scalp, nails, hair, and the stratum corneum of the skin [1, 3]. In literature, three ecological groups of dermatophytes are described: Responsible Editor: Carlos Pelleschi Taborda. * Dominik Łagowski [email protected] 1
Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 12, 20-033 Lublin, Poland
2
Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Mycology and Genetics, University of Wroclaw, Przybyszewskiego 63/77, 51-148 Wroclaw, Poland
g e o p h i l i c , z o o p h i l i c a n d a n t h r o p o p h i l i c [1 , 4 ] . Dermatomycosis in humans caused by zoophilic agents often responds very well to antifungal drugs; however, frequent relapses and side effects have been reported in patient
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