Tm 3+ ions-doped phosphate glasses: nuclear shielding competence and elastic moduli
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Tm3+ ions‑doped phosphate glasses: nuclear shielding competence and elastic moduli Y. S. Rammah1 · K. A. Mahmoud2,3 · F. I. El‑Agawany1 · O. L. Tashlykov2 · E. Yousef4,5 Received: 10 August 2020 / Accepted: 23 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Photon and neutron shielding factors and elastic moduli of phosphate glass doped with T m3+ ions (abbreviated as PPKANT glasses) have been analyzed. MCNP-5 simulation code, and Phy-X/PSD software have been utilized to estimate the gamma rays and neutron shielding capacity. Furthermore, Makishima and Mackenzie’s theory has been performed to calculate elastic moduli. Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, and shear modulus have been varied from 40.71 to 43.62 GPa, 28.01 to 30.65 GPa, and 16.18 to 17.27 GPa, respectively. Poisson’s ratio changed from 0.257 for PPKANT0.1 glass to 0.263 for PPKANT4 glass. At low gamma photon energy (0.015 meV), the LAC increased with the increase of Tm3+ content (LAC = 155.54 and 170.18 cm−1 for glass samples PPKANT0.1 and PPKANT4, respectively). At high energy (15 MeV), the LAC changed from 0.118 to 0.124 cm−1 for PPKANT0.1 to PPKANT4. The highest values of the HVL decreased from 5.734 to 5.570 cm. The trend of MFP was like the HVL trend. At 15 MeV, the values of the EBF and EABF were rapidly increased with the increase in the penetration depth (PD), especially for PD > 20 mfp. The lowest ∑R was achieved for glasses PPKANT4 with 4 mol % Tm2O3, where ∑R = 0.02561 cm2g−1. The investigated PPKANT glasses can be considered good neutron and photon shields compared to some traditional radiation shielding materials. Keywords Photon · Neutron · Shielding · Elastic moduli · MCNP-5 simulation
1 Introduction Currently, glasses with different compositions were used for shielding against the ionizing radiation, such as the proton, alpha-particle, neutron, X- and gamma-rays. In the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-020-04109-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Y. S. Rammah [email protected] 1
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, Shebin El Koom 32511, Egypt
2
Ural Federal University, 19 Mira St, 620002 Yekaterinburg, Russia
3
Nuclear Materials Authority, El Maadi, P. O. Box 530, Cairo, Egypt
4
Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
5
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P. O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
last decades, glass’s interest is due to its superior properties compared to traditional radiation shields such as rocks, polymers, and concrete [1–3]. Therefore, due to glasses properties as their transparency, non-toxic, stiff, and environmentally safe, they are preferred as radiation shields in several applications [4]. Glass materials have been utilized to absorb the produced radiation in X-ray testing in nuclear facilities [5]. As
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