To divide or not to divide: revisiting liver regeneration
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To divide or not to divide: revisiting liver regeneration Cell Division 2013, 8:8
doi:10.1186/1747-1028-8-8
Yuichiro Miyaoka ([email protected]) Atsushi Miyajima ([email protected])
ISSN Article type
1747-1028 Review
Submission date
6 June 2013
Acceptance date
17 June 2013
Publication date
20 June 2013
Article URL
http://www.celldiv.com/content/8/1/8
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© 2013 Miyaoka and Miyajima This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
To divide or not to divide: revisiting liver regeneration Yuichiro Miyaoka2 Email: [email protected] Atsushi Miyajima1* * Corresponding author Email: [email protected] 1
Laboratory of Cell Growth and Differentiation, Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 1130032, Japan 2
Current address: Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
Abstract The liver has a remarkable capacity to regenerate. Even with surgical removal (partial hepatectomy) of 70% of liver mass, the remnant tissue grows to recover the original mass and functions. Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy has been studied extensively since the 19th century, establishing the long-standing model that hepatocytes, which account for most of the liver weight, proliferate to recover the original mass of the liver. The basis of this model is the fact that almost all hepatocytes undergo S phase, as shown by the incorporation of radioactive nucleotides during liver regeneration. However, DNA replication does not necessarily indicate the execution of cell division, and a possible change in hepatocyte size is not considered in the model. In addition, as 15–30% of hepatocytes in adult liver are binuclear, the difference in nuclear number may affect the mode of cell division during regeneration. Thus, the traditional model seems to be oversimplified. Recently, we developed new techniques to investigate the process of liver regeneration, and revealed interesting features of hepatocytes. In this review, we first provide a historical overview of how the widely accepted model of liver regeneration was established and then discuss some overlooked observations together with our recent findings. Finally, we describe the revised model and perspectives on liver regeneration research.
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