Tolkien, Self and Other "This Queer Creature"
This book examines key points of J. R. R. Tolkien’s life and writing career in relation to his views on humanism and feminism, particularly his sympathy for and toleration of those who are different, deemed unimportant, or marginalized—namely, the Other.
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N E W
M I D D L E
Tolkien, Self and Other “THIS QUEER CREATURE” Jane Chance
A G E S
The New Middle Ages
Series Editor Bonnie Wheeler English & Medieval Studies Southern Methodist University Dallas, Texas, USA
The New Middle Ages is a series dedicated to pluridisciplinary studies of medieval cultures, with particular emphasis on recuperating women’s history and on feminist and gender analyses. This peer-reviewed series includes both scholarly monographs and essay collections.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/14239
Tolkien, Self and Other: “This Queer Creature” Jane Chance
Jane Chance Andrew W. Mellon Distinguished Professor Emerita of English Rice University [email protected]
The New Middle Ages ISBN 978-1-137-39895-6 ISBN 978-1-137-39896-3 DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-39896-3
(eBook)
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016950220 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Cover image © Dennis Hallinan / Alamy Stock Photo Printed on acid-free paper This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Nature America Inc. New York
For Joe, Rachel, and Arianna
“I do not think that I am frightfully important … I am … the most modest (or at any rate retiring) of men, whose instinct is to cloak such self-knowledge as he has, and such criticisms of life as he knows it, under mythical and legendary dress.”—J.R.R. Tolkien, letter to W.H. Auden, 7 June 1955
CONTENTS
Preface and Acknowledgments Abbreviations Chronology of Composition and Publication Dates and Significant Events 1 Introduction: “This Queer Creature” 2
Forlorn and Abject: Tolkien and His Earliest Writing (1914–1924)
xi xxi
xxiii 1
19
3 Bilbo as Sigurd in the Fairy-Story Hobbit (1920–1927)
47
4
Tolkien’s Fairy-Story Beowulfs (1926–1940s)
83
5
“Queer Endings” After Beowulf: The Fall of Arthur (1931–1934)
111
Apartheid in Tolkien: Chaucer and T
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