Tool Orientation Optimization and Path Planning for 5-Axis Machining
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Tool Orientation Optimization and Path Planning for 5-Axis Machining∗ YUAN Chunming · MI Zhenpeng · JIA Xiaohong · LIN Fengming · SHEN Liyong
DOI: 10.1007/s11424-020-9270-1 Received: 17 September 2019 / Revised: 22 November 2019 c The Editorial Office of JSSC & Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2020 Abstract Tool path generation is a fundamental problem in 5-axis CNC machining, which consists of tool orientation planning and cutter-contact (CC) point planning. The planning strategy highly depends on the type of tool cutters. For ball-end cutters, the tool orientation and CC point location can be planned separately; while for flat end cutters, the two are highly dependent on each other. This paper generates a smooth tool path of workpiece surfaces for flat end mills from two stages: Computing smooth tool orientations on the surface without gouging and collisions and then designing the CC point path. By solving the tool posture optimization problem the authors achieve both the path smoothness and the machining efficiency. Experimental results are provided to show the effectiveness of the method. Keywords
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5-axis CNC machining, flat end cutter, tool path planning, tool posture optimization.
Introduction
Tool path planning is key to 5-axis CNC machining. Different from 3-axis CNC machining which requires only the CC point planning, 5-axis CNC machining takes the tool orientation planning into account — Each tool posture is represented by (x, y, z, φ, λ), where (x, y, z) are the coordinates of the CC point and (φ, λ) are the corresponding tool orientations. Focusing only on the CC point planning, there are three most popular methods: Isoparametric method[1, 2] , iso-planar method[3, 4] and iso-scallop method[5, 6] . The iso-parametric YUAN Chunming · MI Zhengpeng · JIA Xiaohong KLMM, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]. LIN Fengming · SHEN Liyong (Corresponding author) School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. Email: [email protected]; [email protected]. ∗ This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11688101, 61872332, Beijing National Natural Science Foundation under Grant No. Z190004, National Center for Mathematics and Interdisciplinary Sciences, and Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. This paper was recommended for publication by Editor-in-Chief GAO Xiao-Shan.
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YUAN CHUNMING, et al.
method fixes one parameter of the surface and generates the CC points along the other parameter, while the iso-planar method intersects the designed surface with parallel planes to generate the CC point path. In both of these two methods, the sample parameter values or parallel planes are chosen to meet the scallop constraint, which is an important r
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