Tools and Criteria for Sustainable Coastal Ecosystem Management Exam
The aim of this book is to discuss practically useful (operational) bioindicators for sustainable coastal management, criteria for coastal area sensitivity to eutrophication and an approach set a "biological value" of coastal areas. These bioindicators sh
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Håkanson · A.C. Bryhn
Tools and Criteria for Sustainable Coastal Ecosystem Management Examples from the Baltic Sea and Other Aquatic Systems
123
Prof. Dr. Lars Håkanson Uppsala University Dept. Earth Sciences Villavägen 16 SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden [email protected]
ISBN: 978-3-540-78361-9
Dr. Andreas C. Bryhn Uppsala University Dept. Earth Sciences Villavägen 16 SE-752 36 Uppsala Sweden [email protected]
e-ISBN: 978-3-540-78363-3
Environmental Science and Engineering ISSN: 1863-5520 Library of Congress Control Number: 2008924331 c 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover Design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com
Contents
Prologue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
Introduction and Aim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
2
Effect-Load-Sensitivity Analyses – Basic Concepts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3
Coastal Classifications and Key Abiotic Variables Regulating Target Bioindicators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 Coastal Classifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2 Coastal Morphometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.1 Topographical Openness or Exposure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.2 Size Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.3 Form Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.4 Depth Conditions and Coastal Sensitivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2.5 A Sensitivity Index (SI) Based on Morphometric Papameters 3.3 Water Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.1 Surface and Deep-Water Exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.2 Tides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3.3 Coastal Currents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4 Salin
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