Tools of Radio Astronomy
This substantially rewritten and expanded fourth edition outlines the most up-to-date methods and tools of radio astronomy. Tools of Radio Astronomy gives a unified treatment of the entire field of radio astronomy, from centimeter to sub-millimeter wavele
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LIBRARY Series Editors:
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L Appenzeller, Heidelberg, Germany G. Bomer, Garching, Germany A. Burkert, Heidelberg, Germany M. A. Dopita, Canberra, Australia T. Encrenaz, Meudon, France M. Harwit, Washington, DC, USA R. Kippenhahn, Gottingen, Germany 1. Lequeux, Paris, France A. Maeder, Sauvemy, Switzerland V. Trimble, College Park, MD, and Irvine, CA, USA
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Physics and Astronomy
ONLINE LIBRARY
http://www.springer.de
K. Rohlfs T. L. Wilson
Tools of Radio Astronomy Fourth Revised and Enlarged Edition With 133 Figures and 21 Tables
,
Springer
Professor Dr. K. Rohlfs Universitat Bochum Institut fiir Astrophysik 44721 Bochum, Germany
Dr. T. L. Wilson MPI fiir Radioastronomy Auf dem Hiigel 69 53121 Bonn, Germany
Cover picture: The new llO-m Green Bank Telescope (GBT). The design as an off-axis paraboloid was chosen in order to minimize the sidelobes and baseline ripple.
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ISSN 0941-7834 ISBN 978-3-662-05396-6 ISBN 978-3-662-05394-2 (eBook) DOl 10.1007/978-3-662-05394-2 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. http://www.springer.de
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1986, 1996,2000,2004
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 2004. Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 4th edition 2004 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
Typesetting by the authors Final processing by Frank Herweg, Leutershausen Cover design: design & production GmbH, Heidelberg Printed on acid-free paper
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Preface to the Fourth Edition
Progress in the fields of science and technology is again the reason for updating this text most changes occur in Chaps. 4, 7, 8 and 14; in the others we have made a number of minor improvements. In Chap. 4, Signal Precessing and Receivers, we have shortened the presentation of maser and parametric amplifier front ends, which are no longer commonly used as microwave receivers in radio astronomy. Instead, we have expanded the presentation of cooled transistor and superconducting front ends, and we have added a short section on coherent multi-beam receiver systems. The chapter titled Observational Methods now appears as Chap. 7, and mainly addresses single dish observations. Ch
