Topological engineering of glasses using temperature-dependent constraints
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Introduction The glass industry is providing materials for a wide range of applications related to consumer electronics, transportation, medicine, energy, information technology and communications, and defense. These widespread applications have become possible because the properties and functionalities of glasses can be tuned by proper design of the chemical composition. Despite the commercial success of inorganic oxide glasses over their 5000-year history, the glass industry faces several challenges, such as high energy requirements and high manufacturing costs, and the brittle characteristics of glasses that limit their future advanced applications. Moreover, there is a critical need to accelerate the design and engineering of new glass compositions with tailored properties and suitable manufacturing attributes, which have traditionally been developed through tedious trial-and-error experiments. The properties of glasses are not easy to predict due to their inherent noncrystalline structure and nonequilibrium nature.1 Glass properties are not only a function of chemical composition (x), temperature (T), and pressure (P), but also
of the entire thermal and pressure history of the material. As for other classes of materials, the properties of glasses are ultimately controlled by their atomic structure, and advanced experimental and computational capabilities are required to analyze critical structural and topological characteristics of glassy materials. The main challenge is to make the quantitative connection between structure and properties, since simple structural rules are typically not obeyed even by simple binary oxide glasses. To this end, emerging rigidity theory approaches (see the Introductory article in this issue) such as temperaturedependent constraint theory offer solutions to overcome these challenges. Topological constraint theory, introduced by Phillips in 1979 and extended in collaboration with Thorpe,2,3 focuses on the key microscopic physics governing the macroscopic properties of glasses by comparing the atomic degrees of freedom in a system with the number of interatomic force-field constraints. As such, unnecessary details that are found not to affect the properties to a significant extent are deliberately filtered out and the complicated noncrystalline structures are
Morten M. Smedskjaer, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Denmark; [email protected] Christian Hermansen, NamZ Pte. Ltd., Singapore; [email protected] Randall E. Youngman, Science and Technology Division, Corning Incorporated, USA; [email protected] doi:10.1557/mrs.2016.299
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• VOLUME • JANUARY 2017 Materials Research Society MRS BULLETINCore 2017at•https:/www.cambridge.org/core/terms. www.mrs.org/bulletin Downloaded© from https:/www.cambridge.org/core. Newcastle University, on 24 Jan 2017 at 08:05:45, subject to the Cambridge terms 42 of use, available https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2016.299
TOPOLOGICAL ENGINEERING OF GLASSES USING TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT CONSTRAINTS
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