Total injectable anesthesia of dogs and cats for remote location veterinary sterilization clinic
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Open Access
Total injectable anesthesia of dogs and cats for remote location veterinary sterilization clinic Lysa Pam Posner* , Jeffrey Applegate, Allen Cannedy, Diane Deresienski, Kristie Mozzachio, Maria Serrano and Gregory Lewbart
Abstract Background: Sterilization clinics often occur in remote places where anesthesia machines and compressed oxygen are unavailable. This study describes the use of total injectable anesthesia in dogs and cats presented for sterilization in a remote location. Results: A total of 100 animals were sterilized; 26 female cats (CF), 22 male cats (CM), 28 female dogs (DF), and 24 male dogs (DM). CF were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (20 mcg/kg), ketamine (8 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. CM were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (15 mcg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. Insufficient anesthesia in cats was treated with alfaxalone (1 mg/kg) IM. All cats were administered meloxicam at 0.3 mg/kg SQ. DF were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (15 mcg/kg), ketamine (7–10 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. DM were anesthetized with dexmedetomidine (15 mcg/kg), ketamine (5 mg/kg) and hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg) IM. All dogs had IV catheter and endotracheal tube placed. If SpO2 < 91%, ventilation was assisted with an Ambu bag. Insufficient anesthesia in dogs was treated with alfaxalone (1 mg/kg) IV. All dogs were administered meloxicam at 0.2 mg/kg SQ. Following surgery, atipamezole (0.05–0.1 mg/kg) IM was administered to any patient that did not have voluntary movement. All patients survived and were discharged. Less than 25% of cats and male dogs required supplemental anesthesia. Fifty seven percent of female dogs required supplemental anesthesia. More than 89% of patients (in any group) required atipamezole administration. One cat recovered with agitation and hyperthermia (41.1C/ 106F). Some dogs required ventilatory assistance to remain normoxemic while anesthetized. Conclusion: Total injectable anesthesia can be accomplished for remote location sterilization clinics with minimal morbidity. Keywords: sterilization, dog, cat, anesthesia, total injectable anesthesia
Background Unwanted reproduction in dogs and cats negatively affects communities by contributing to: the spread of disease, aggression to humans, nuisance behavior (e.g. getting into garbage) and predation of other species (e.g. * Correspondence: [email protected] North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
wild birds). Sterilization of both pet and feral dogs and cats is often needed in remote or underdeveloped areas, where access to veterinary medicine is limited or absent. Spay-neuter programs are offered in a variety of styles in these locations via mobile clinics, but access to facilities and equipment is variable. The Association of Shelter Veterinarian has offered guidelines to assure consistent care to dogs and cats presented to these clinics [1, 2].
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