Toward a Framework for Reporting and Differentiating Key Features of Meditation- and Mindfulness-Based Interventions
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Toward a Framework for Reporting and Differentiating Key Features of Meditation- and Mindfulness-Based Interventions David Pilla 1,2 & Joanne Qina’au 1 & Aparna Patel 1 & Brianna Meddaoui 1 & Nicholas Watson 1 & Sanjana Dugad 1 & Mitchell Saskin 1
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Objectives Meditation practices and the therapeutic interventions that involve them are numerous, heterogeneous, and multidimensional. Despite this, many researchers have noted a tendency for studies of meditation- and mindfulness-based interventions to inadequately describe the interventions themselves, limiting valid comparisons, generalizations, and identification of mediators and moderators of therapeutic change. To address this, we identified and organized features of meditation-based interventions reported in study publications as an initial step toward systematically developing a reporting guideline. Methods A content analysis of 118 meditation-based intervention studies, informed by existing theoretical proposals of key features of meditation practices and interventions. Results Significant variability and inconsistency were found in the reporting of structural features of meditation-based programs as well as descriptions of the practices and activities within them. Based on features’ prevalence, co-occurrences, and defining themes, a preliminary Meditation-based Intervention Design (MInD) framework and reporting checklist were developed. Conclusions Findings can inform further development of a reporting guideline and aid in identifying variables of meditation practices and their contexts that are responsible for or influence their effects. This can enhance the quality of research in the field and contribute to improving the effectiveness of meditation- and mindfulness-based interventions. Keywords Meditation . Mindfulness . Interventions . Research reporting guidelines . Content analysis
Meditation is a generic term used to describe a wide variety of spiritual, healing, and contemplative practices employed for over 5000 years (Nash et al. 2013; Ospina et al. 2007). There is no consensus definition, although meditation is commonly described as some form of mental training (Eifring 2016; Nash et al. 2013; Ospina et al. 2007). In scientific literature, meditation is generally described as a practice, exercise, or training of awareness or self-, emotion, or attention regulation (Eifring Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01475-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * David Pilla [email protected] 1
Department of Counseling & Clinical Psychology, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
2
Department of Counseling Psychology, Division of Psychological and Educational Services, Graduate School of Education, Fordham University, New York, NY 10023, USA
2016). Meditation may also refer to the states of consciousness or experience that arise duri
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