Toward an Understanding of the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Recidivism of Serious Juvenile Offenders
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Toward an Understanding of the Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on the Recidivism of Serious Juvenile Offenders Jessica M. Craig 1 & Chad R. Trulson 1 & Matt DeLisi 2 & Jon W. Caudill 3 Received: 25 November 2019 / Accepted: 24 February 2020/ # Southern Criminal Justice Association 2020
Abstract Research has indicated juvenile delinquents with more Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) are more likely to be recidivate. However, much of this research has relied upon limited samples, such as those serving a community-based sentence. The current study examined the impact of exposure to ACEs on recidivism among a cohort of serious state incarcerated juvenile offenders. The result indicate ACEs failed to predict post-release recidivism, measured as either any rearrest or felony rearrest. Instead, measures indicative of juvenile justice history, such as prior adjudications, length of incarceration, and the rate of disciplinary misconduct while incarcerated were most relevant in an explanation of post-release recidivism. Implications for research and policy are discussed. Keywords Delinquency . Violence . Recidivism . Child maltreatment . Incarcerated
juvenile offenders
Introduction In recent years there has been growing interest regarding the impact that Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have on certain life outcomes. Initial studies on the impact of ACEs originated in the public health arena and focused on the relationship
* Jessica M. Craig [email protected]
1
Department of Criminal Justice, University of North Texas, 410 S. Avenue C, Chilton Hall, 273 L, Denton, TX 76203-5017, USA
2
Department of Sociology, Iowa State University, 203 East Hall, 510 Farm House Ln, Ames, IA 50011-1054, USA
3
School of Public Affairs, University of Colorado, 1420 Austin Bluffs Parkway, Colorado Springs, CO 80918, USA
American Journal of Criminal Justice
between ACEs and later life outcomes such as heart disease and early death (Anda, Butchart, Felitti & Brown, 2010; Felitti et al., 1998). Since then, this research base has expanded to explore a number of other negative life events such as risky sexual behavior, self-harm, and school-related problems (Baglivio, Epps, Swartz, Huq, Sheer, & Hardt, 2014; Malvaso, Delfabbro, Day, & Nobes, 2018). More recently, this line of research has made inroads into criminal justice and criminology scholarship. Recent evidence has found that not only are individuals with a higher ACE score more likely to engage in antisocial behavior, but they are also more likely to be serious, violent, and chronic delinquent offenders (Fox, Perez, Cass, Baglivio, & Epps, 2015). The ACE-crime literature certainly represents a burgeoning line of research as studies have utilized diverse samples including representative samples of youth and adults as well as cohorts of adjudicated delinquents (Baglivio et al., 2014; Craig, 2019; Vaughn, Salas-Wright, Huang, Qian, Terzis, & Helton, 2015; Wolff, Baglivio, & Piquero, 2017). However, most of the studies that relied upon samples of adjudicated delinque
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