Toward forecasting future day air pollutant index in Malaysia
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Toward forecasting future day air pollutant index in Malaysia Kok‑Seng Wong1 · Yee Jian Chew2 · Shih Yin Ooi2 · Ying Han Pang2 Accepted: 14 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The association of air pollution and the magnitude of adverse health effects are receiving close attention from the world. The effects of air pollution were found to be most significant for children, elderly, and patients with preexisting respiratory problems. The existing API forecast system is capable of predicting the air quality based on the pollutant concentrations before critical levels of air pollution are exceeded. However, there is no API forecasting system available in Malaysia that can predict the coming day API readings. This paper aims to propose an API forecast system that utilizes the hourly API in Malaysia to predict the next day API. The proposed solution allows sensitive populations to plan ahead of their daily activities and provide governments with information for public health alerts. We also propose strategies for aggregated-level predictions within the region. Nevertheless, it can be extended across the region, especially in the less economically developed regions across the world. We conduct experiments on the public API dataset to demonstrate the viability of the proposed solution. Keywords Air pollution · Air quality forecasting · Machine learning · Public awareness
1 Introduction Anthropogenic air pollution is a global and ongoing environmental problem faces by a majority of cities in the world. As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO), air pollution kills an estimated seven million people worldwide every year [1]. The rapid population growth accompanied by increased air pollution is now a significant challenge in developing countries, especially China and Southeast Asia
* Shih Yin Ooi [email protected] 1
College of Engineering and Computer Science, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Multimedia University, Melaka, Malaysia
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because urban areas in these countries are emerging as pollution hot spots. For instance, several cities in China have been identified as the most polluted city in the world [2]. In general, there are two leading causes of air pollution: naturally occurring phenomena and the human factor. The first cause is subject to natural sources during catastrophes such as forest fire and volcanic eruptions. In the second cause, pollutants released from transportation, fuel combustion, and industries that involved human activities. The effects of air pollution result from human activity can have a long-term impact on the environment, including climate change, global warming, and acid rain. The mixture of particles and gases can reach harmful concentrations on human health and the planet as a whole. Some of the common air pollutants are carbon dioxide ( CO2), particulate matter ( (PM2.5 and PM10 ), nitrogen dioxide ( NO2 ), carbon monoxide ( CO
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