Towards a Holistic Net Neutrality Violation Detection System: A Case Study of Slovenia
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Towards a Holistic Net Neutrality Violation Detection System: A Case Study of Slovenia Veljko Pejović1 Received: 5 January 2020 / Revised: 27 May 2020 / Accepted: 1 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Democratic principles, from the freedom of speech, to fair business practices, rely on Net neutrality, i.e. equal access to communication infrastructure and services. While a number of national and international regulations stipulate Net neutrality, the actual enforcement is challenging as regulators have to collect and analyze a large amount of network measurements, and pinpoint cases of neutrality violations. Through a large-scale distributed crowdsourced measurements campaign, the Agency for Communication Networks and Services of the Republic of Slovenia (AKOS) has acquired a massive dataset of Internet performance measurements in Slovenia. In this work we analyze about one million multi-dimensional data records gathered by the AKOS Test Net measurement system and identify the practices, such as port blocking, that might violate Net neutrality principles. We then chart the limitations of the employed measurement approach and propose a holistic multistakeholder approach ensuring high quality measurement data upon which reliable Net neutrality violation inferences should be based. Keywords Net neutrality · Mobile broadband networks · Network measurements · Data mining
1 Introduction The Internet has transformed the way we work, communicate, socialize, and obtain information. It has thoroughly changed the way ideas are disseminated, news spread, and democratic movements organized. Connectivity is important for global economic development—everything else aside, access to information and communication technologies (ICTs) improves the GDP of a country by about 1% [1]. This is further exemplified as societies get more technologically advanced—in advanced * Veljko Pejović [email protected]‑lj.si 1
Faculty of Computer and Information Science, University of Ljubljana, Večna Pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Journal of Network and Systems Management
economies the Internet directly contributes to 21% of the GDP growth [2]. Furthermore, as the Internet of Things (IoT) becomes a reality, the Internet plays an increasingly important role in healthcare, transport, and factory automation [3]. The ever increasing importance of the Internet calls for the assurance that the global network represents, without discrimination, a level playing field for all the participants [4, 5]. While there is no common agreement on the specifics of this principle, termed Net neutrality, the following definition by the National Regulatory Agency (NRA) of India nicely summarizes the main postulates: “Net neutrality is generally construed to mean that [Internet service providers (ISPs)] must treat all internet traffic on an equal basis, no matter its type or origin of content or means used to transmit packets. All points in a network should be able to connect to
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