Towards a new shift in conservation and management of a fishery system and protected areas using bonefish ( Albula vulpe
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Towards a new shift in conservation and management of a fishery system and protected areas using bonefish (Albula vulpes) as an umbrella species in Belize and Mexico Addiel U. Perez
&
Juan J. Schmitter-Soto
&
Aaron J. Adams
Received: 14 April 2020 / Accepted: 7 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Although bonefish, Albula vulpes, supports a culturally and socio-economically important recreational fishery in the Caribbean Sea, little is known about their population characteristics. Understanding their population parameters are important for the creation of a sustainable fishery strategy in the Caribbean region. We used multistate modeling to estimate apparent survival, recapture probability, and movement of bonefish in the regions of Corozal-Chetumal Bay (CB) and the adjacent Caribbean coast (CC) of Belize and Mexico. We marked 9657 bonefish and recaptured 613 (6.5% recapture rate). A total of 64 multistate models were run in program MARK. The model with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion was the most parsimonious model that supported our data: constant apparent survival in CC but variable in CB; time-dependent recapture probability in CC and CB; and time-dependent movement between regions. The latter reflects a seasonal migration from the bay to spawn in the Caribbean during the north-winds season. The seasonal differences in A. U. Perez (*) : J. J. Schmitter-Soto El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, A.P. 424, 77010 Chetumal, QR, Mexico e-mail: [email protected] A. U. Perez : A. J. Adams Bonefish and Tarpon Trust, 2937 SW 27th Avenue, Suite 203, Miami, FL 33133, USA A. J. Adams Florida Atlantic University Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute 5600 IS-1, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA
apparent survival (CC = 63.6% and CB = 80.6%) and recapture probability (CC = 1.3% and CB =11.1%) are associated to spawning mortality, a post-spawning relocation, ontogenetic shift, predation, angling activities, site fidelity or a combination of these. These findings reinforces the association of environmental variables influenced by weather patterns with movement patterns, the entire region to be considered a single geographic catchment area necessary to sustain a local bonefish population and the need for a paradigm shift from a traditional to a new system of fisheries conservation and management using bonefish as an umbrella species. Keywords Corozal-Chetumal Bay . Fisheries management . Spatial management . Habitat connectivity . Multistate models . Marine protected areas (MPAs)
Introduction Holistically and in the context of systems, information on spatial behavior associated with local and spawning migrations within and between biotopes (Thurow 2016; Perez et al. 2019a, 2019b), habitat use, and human dynamics in fisheries and coastal development activities are needed in conservation and management of coastal fisheries resources (FAO 2009; Perez-Cobb et al. 2014; Steinberg 2015; Adams et al. 2019; Sweetman et al. 2019). However, informing conservation and management in recreational fisheries worldwide (FAO
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