Towards Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mountain Regions
Sustainable livelihoods and ecosystems are far-reaching and burning issues in the wake of high growth of population, low production and per ha yield of crops and depletion of biodiversity resources. Mountainous regions of the world are facing the menace o
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Vishwambhar Prasad Sati
Towards Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mountain Regions
Environmental Science and Engineering Environmental Science
Series editors Rod Allan, Burlington, Canada Ulrich Förstner, Hamburg, Germany Wim Salomons, Haren, The Netherlands
For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/3234
Vishwambhar Prasad Sati
Towards Sustainable Livelihoods and Ecosystems in Mountain Regions
123
Vishwambhar Prasad Sati Geography and Resource Management School of Earth Sciences Mizoram University Aizawl, Mizoram India
ISSN 1431-6250 ISBN 978-3-319-03532-1 DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-03533-8
ISBN 978-3-319-03533-8
(eBook)
Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013955052 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Diversifying and enhancing livelihood options for reducing poverty and securing livelihoods is an essential activity. It has greater relevance in areas where subsistence agricultural practices dominate the economy. About 70 % of the world’s economy is based upon the cultivation of subsistence cereal crops. This practice is a major characteristic feature of mountain regions. Mountains constitute about 20 % of the tot
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