Towards user-adapted training paradigms: Physiological responses to physical threat during cognitive task performance
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Towards user-adapted training paradigms: Physiological responses to physical threat during cognitive task performance Maurice van Beurden 1 & Anne-Marie Brouwer 1 & Jan Ubbo van Baardewijk 1 & Olaf Binsch 1 & Eric Vermetten 2,3 & Linsey Roijendijk 1 Received: 3 December 2019 / Revised: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 11 August 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract
Feedback of physiological responses have a great potential to support virtual training paradigms aimed to increase cognitive task performance under stressful threatening conditions. In the current study, we examined the sensitivity of a range of physiological indicators derived from electrodermal activity (EDA), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) to measure stress as induced by the threat of an electric shock (ES). In contrast to previous work that studied physiological stress responses compared to a rest condition, we compared conditions with high cognitive load combined with stress caused by threat of an ES, to conditions with high cognitive load without such stress. Twenty-five participants performed a cognitively demanding task in an experimental setup. At certain 10 s time intervals, indicated by a continuous tone, participants were either asked to do their best and increase cognitive task performance (non-threat condition), or they were told that they could receive an ES during this interval if cognitive task performance was not high enough (threat condition). Physiological measures, task performance and selfreported measures of stress and workload were analysed. Task performance and selfreported measures of stress and workload were roughly the same in both conditions. Especially EDA measures were affected by the threat of an ES. Threat and non-threat conditions could be distinguished with an across-participant classifier using EDA and BP features with an accuracy of 70%. These results suggest that EDA and BP can be used to evaluate stress coping training paradigms or to individually adapt the stress levels in virtual training environments. Keywords Cognitive task performance . Stress . Physiological measures . Threat . Workload
* Maurice van Beurden [email protected] Extended author information available on the last page of the article
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1 Introduction The ability to cope with stress caused by physical threat is an important skill for military and law enforcement professionals. A potential promising tool to train professionals to cope with such stressors are virtual training programs, simulating professionals’ working environments. Ideally, these programs adjust the intensity and frequency of presented stressors to individual’s levels of stress [40, 21, 6, 17, 52]. For this, continuous information about an individual’s stress level is valuable. In the present study, we explored the possible use of various physiological indicators in such technology by examining physiological responses under circumstances that are prerequisite for this area of application, but h
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