Toxic Exposure to Heavy Metal (Fe, Zn, Co, Mn) on Hydrodroma despiciens (Acari, Hydrachnidia)

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Toxic Exposure to Heavy Metal (Fe, Zn, Co, Mn) on Hydrodroma despiciens (Acari, Hydrachnidia) Ferruh Aşçia, * and Gülderen Uysal Akkuşa a

Faculty of Art and Science, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey *e-mail: [email protected] Received June 16, 2017; revised October 20, 2017; accepted December 10, 2019

Abstract—In this study, the resistance limit of Hydrodroma despiciens, which is a common water mite in inland waters, against heavy metal salts such as iron, zinc, cobalt and manganese has been tested. Water mites were sampled in Karamik Lake in Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, during April–August 2015. Separate small lake ecosystems (microcosms) were modeled in the laboratory for each metal salt. Equal amounts of the samples of species collected in the lake were placed into these ecosystems. Increasing and equal amounts of the nitrate salts of the tested metals were added to the microcosms at certain intervals. A control microcosm was constructed as well. The samples were continuously monitored in these four different ecosystems. The water and live samples from each ecosystem were analyzed separately with ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma-optical Emission Spectroscopy, ICP-OES; Spectro Genesis, Germany), and the resulting data were compared. It was revealed that the most toxic salts for Hydrodroma despiciens were those with Co and Zn, while the least toxic were compounds with Fe and Mn. Keywords: Acari, water mites, absorption, heavy metals, ecological effect DOI: 10.1134/S1995082920030037

INTRODUCTION Today, inland waters are heavily polluted by chemicals. The most noteworthy of these chemicals are heavy metals. Consequently, it is very important to determine the impact level of this pollution on lake organisms particularly because the sustainability of biological diversity in lakes depends on this. Heavy metal salts are among the most toxic substances known in the aquatic environment. Therefore, determining the level of impact of these metals on organisms in the aquatic environment is of great importance in terms of healthy aquatic ecosystems (Rumahlatu, 2014; Wynne et al., 2015). The absorption of heavy metals by small-sized organisms involves the whole body, whereas in the organisms of higher taxonomic level the absorption occurs in different tissues and organs at different levels, depending on the type of metal (Al-Musharafi et al., 2013; Ibrahim and El-Regal, 2014; Proctor and Pitchard, 1989; Siepel, 1995; Skubała and Kafel, 2004; Wang and Zang, 2014). The inland water ecosystems are becoming repeatedly more polluted by the strong chemicals used in industry. The levels of effects of the pollution upon the organisms living in lakes and watercourses are quite different. It is very important to know the affected conditions of small-sized organisms, since the sustainability of healthy aquatic eco-

systems largely depends on these essential organisms (Wynne, 2015). Many researchers have carried out studies on the impact of waterborne heavy metals on various organisms. Most of these studi