Trade Unions and the Coming of Democracy in Africa
In this book, top scholars look at the efficacy of trade union and worker protest in overthrowing authoritarian governments in Africa. The analytical introduction and case studies from major African countries argue that unions were often the most importan
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Trade Unions and the Coming of Democracy in Africa Copyright © Jon Kraus, ed., 2007. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2007 978-0-230-60061-4 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. First published in 2007 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™ 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 and Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England RG21 6XS. Companies and representatives throughout the world. PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave Macmillan division of St. Martin’s Press, LLC, and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States, United Kingdom, and other countries. Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European Union and other countries. ISBN 978-1-349-37021-4 ISBN 978-0-230-61003-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230610033 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress. A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library. Design by Scribe Inc. First edition: December 2007 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents List of Illustrations
iv
Preface
v
List of Abbreviations
xi
1
Trade Unions in Africa’s Democratic Renewal and Transitions: An Introduction Jon Kraus
1
2
Labor, Democracy, and Development in Senegal Geoffrey Bergen
35
3
Labor Unions and “Democratic Forces” in Niger Robert Charlick
61
4
Trade Unions, Democratization, and Economic Crises in Ghana Jon Kraus
83
5
Trade Unions, Development, and Democratization in Zambia: The Continuing Struggle Emmanuel Akwetey and Jon Kraus
123
6
Trade Union Struggles for Autonomy and Democracy in Zimbabwe Richard Saunders
157
7
Organized Labor in the Republic of South Africa: History and Democratic Transition William Freund
199
8
“Nothing to Lose but Their Subordination to the State”? Trade Unions in Namibia Fifteen Years after Independence Gretchen Bauer
229
9
Conclusion: Trade Unions and Democratization in Africa Jon Kraus
255
Contributors
287
Index
291
Illustrations Table 1.1 Levels of Political Protests, 1989–91
20
Table 2.1 Trade Unions and Political Party Relationships in Senegal
41
Table 3.1 Unions in Niger’s Changing Political Landscape
64
Table 4.1 Estimated Trade Union Membership in Ghana, 1961–2004
90
Table 4.2 Strikes, Strikers, and Days Lost in Ghana, 1945–2004
93
Table 4.3 Ghana Minimum Wages, 1960–2004
105
Table 5.1 Strikes in Zambia, 1969–97
130
Table 6.1 Membership of ZCTU Affiliated Unions: 1998, 1992, 1988
166
Table 6.2 Membership of Public Service Unions
167
Table 6.3 Trade Union Membership (ZCTU Affiliates) Trends: 1990–2001
167
Table 6.4 Labor Actions in the 1980s–90s
176
Table 6.5 Worker Participation in the March 3–4 Stay-away: Selected Estimates
182
Table 6.6 Trends in Minimum Wages, 1996–2004
185
Table 6.7 Real Value of the 1990 Zimbabwe $ (in cents)
185
Table 7.1 Strikes, Strikers, and Days Lost in South Africa, 1972–20
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