Trains, Buses, People An Opinionated Atlas of US Transit
"Transit planners, elected representatives, and transportation enthusiasts should all find something to love or learn in this honest and expansive status report."Atlantic's CityLab"Spieler knows this subject to a significant depth but has managed som
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C H R I S T O F SP I E L E R
T R A I N S, B US ES , P EOP LE
TRAINS, BUSES, PEOPLE AN OPINIONATED ATLAS O F US TRANSIT
CHRISTOF SPIELE R
Washington | Covelo | London
Copyright © 2018 Christof Spieler
All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher: Island Press, 2000 M Street NW, Suite 650, Washington, DC 20036
Island Press is a trademark of The Center for Resource Economics.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2018946756
All Island Press books are printed on environmentally responsible materials.
Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
Keywords: Activity, Albuquerque, Atlanta, Austin, Boston, Buffalo, Bus Rapid Transit (BRT), Charlotte, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, commuter rail, Dallas, density, Denver, Detroit, El Paso, Eugene, Fort Collins, Hartford, heavy rail, Honolulu, Houston, Jacksonville, Kansas City, Las Vegas, light rail, Little Rock, Los Angeles, Memphis, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis–St. Paul, modal equality, monorail, Nashville, New Orleans, New York, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, Orlando, peoplemover, Philadelphia, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Portland, Richmond, Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Diego, San Francisco, Seattle, streetcars, St. Louis, Tampa, transit connectivity, transit frequency, travel time, Tucson, Washington, DC
FOR KIMBERLY, without whose encouragement this book would not exist, and also for Al, who loves urbanity.
CONTENTS Acknowledgments
xi
Introduction: Transit Where the People Are
1
PART 1 THE ROLE OF TRANSIT IN THE US
5
What Transit Does Well The History of Transit Modes Hopes and Fears Funding and Governance
PART 2 BASICS OF SUCCESSFUL TRANSIT Density Activity Walkability Connectivity Frequency Travel Time Reliability Capacity Legibility Good Ideas from Abroad
PART 3 METRO AREAS The Best and the Worst The 47 Transit Areas (See detail on following page)
6 8 10 12 14
17 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36
38 42 44
Conclusion: A Transit Agenda for the Future of our Cities
242
Index
245
x
Contents Metro Areas in Alphabetical Order
Metro Areas by Population 1. New York (NY) 2. Los Angeles (CA) 3. Chicago (IL) 4. Washington, DC 5. San Francisco (CA) 6. Boston (MA) 7. Dallas (TX) 8. Philadelphia (PA) 9. Miami (FL) 10. Houston (TX) 11. Atlanta (GA) 12. Detroit (MI) 13. Seattle (WA) 14. Phoenix (AZ) 15. Minneapolis–St. Paul (MN) 16. Cleveland (OH) 17. Denver (CO) 18. San Diego (CA) 19. Portland (OR) 20. Orlando (FL) 21. Tampa (FL) 22. St. Louis (MO) 23. Pittsburgh (PA) 24. Charlotte (NC) 25. Sacramento (CA) 26. Salt Lake City (UT) 27. Kansas City (KS) 28. Las Vegas (NV) 29. Cincinnati (OH) 30. Milwaukee (WI) 31. Austin (TX) 32. Nashville (TN) 33. Norfolk (VA) 34. Jacksonville (FL) 35. Hartford (CT) 36. New Orleans (LA) 37. Oklahoma City (OK) 38. Memphis (TN) 39. Richmond (VA) 40. Buffalo (NY) 41. Albuquerque (NM) 42. Tucson (AZ) 43. El Paso (TX) 44. Honolulu (HI) 45. Little Rock (AR) 46. Eugene