Transient grating spectroscopy: An ultrarapid, nondestructive materials evaluation technique
- PDF / 2,098,845 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 585 x 783 pts Page_size
- 39 Downloads / 248 Views
troduction Uncovering and exploiting structure–property relationships has been the core of the science and application of materials since antiquity. Almost five millennia ago, it was discovered that forging—thereby controlling the microstructure of a piece of metal—imparted beneficial properties in addition to its composition. Since then, the introduction and control of defects in materials, ranging across all classes and applications, has been central to materials optimization. From precise dopants in semiconductors,1 to cold or hot working metals,2 to doping of ceramics to boost electrical conductivity,3 to controlling crystallinity and polymer chemistry in plastics,4 the precise knowledge of material defects and our ability to control them is behind almost every material-based innovation. Our ability to create and characterize materials struggles to keep pace with the application-driven need for innovation. Recent advances such as combinatorial thin-film synthesis5 and computational materials discovery6 have dramatically accelerated our ability to design and synthesize new materials.
Novel in situ techniques, such as micropillar compression,7,8 liquid-cell transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),9 and x-ray diffraction and imaging techniques10–12 can rapidly uncover dynamic material changes in response to driving forces such as stress, temperature, or changing chemistry. However, gaps in our ability to rapidly innovate still remain in some fields of study. Metallurgy, perhaps the oldest field of materials science, is a prime example where a material’s innovation and design are limited by the speed at which characterization is carried out, in part due to the lack of suitable characterization techniques across time and length scales. New alloys are often “discovered” by combinatorial trial and error, resulting in relatively few classes of high-performance alloys that are tailored for certain applications. In energy applications, these alloys must withstand aggressive chemistries, high temperatures, and high pressures for extraordinarily long periods of time— decades for typical fossil and nuclear power plant applications. Coupled with the glacial time scale of licensing and
Felix Hofmann, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK; [email protected] Michael P. Short, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; [email protected] Cody A. Dennett, Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA; [email protected] doi:10.1557/mrs.2019.104
392
• VOLUME 44 • MAY 2019 Nottingham • www.mrs.org/bulletin 2019available Materials Downloaded MRS fromBULLETIN https://www.cambridge.org/core. Trent University, on 30 Jul 2019 at 14:58:53, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of©use, at Research https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1557/mrs.2019.104
Society
Transient grating spectroscopy: An ultrarapid, nondestructive materials evaluation technique
regulation for
Data Loading...
