Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the English Lequesne Algofunctional index in to Bengali
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RESEARCH
Translation, cross‑cultural adaptation and validation of the English Lequesne Algofunctional index in to Bengali Tarek Mahmood1*, Minhaj Rahim Choudhury2, Md Nazrul Islam2, Syed Atiqul Haq2, Md Abu Shahin2, Syed Mohammad Monowar Ali3, Shamim Ahmed2, Md. Nahiduzzamane Shazzad2, A. T. M. Tanveer Hasan4, Mohammad Abul Kalam Azad2 and Johannes Jacobus Rasker5
Abstract Background: This study was focused on translation and cultural adaptation of the English Lequesne Algofunctional index (LAI) into Bengali for patients with primary knee osteoarthritis (OA) and testing reliability and validity of the Bengali version of the LAI. Methods: This study was carried out in the Department of Rheumatology, BSM Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Using the forward–backward method the English LAI was translated into Bengali including cultural adaptation. For pretesting, A sample of 40 patients with primary knee osteoarthritis were screened using the Bengali version of LAI. Following the pretest, 130 consecutive patients with symptomatic knee OA completed the interviewer administered Bengali LAI, the validated Bengali version of SF-36, Visual Analogue Scale for Pain, Distance Walked and Activities of Daily Living. For the retest 60 randomly selected patients from the cohort were administered the Bengali LAI 7 days later. An item by item analysis was performed. Internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach’s alpha, test– retest reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Kappa coefficient, construct validity was measured using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Results: It took 3.25 ± 0.71 min to complete the Bengali LAI and the mean score was 9.23 ± 4.58. For the Bengali LAI Cronbach’s alpha score was 0.88, test–retest reliability assessed by ICC was 0.97. For construct validity, excellent convergent validity was achieved (ρ = 0.93) but the divergent validity was moderate (ρ = 0.43). Conclusions: The Bengali LAI showed excellent convergent validity, internal consistency and test–retest reliability, only the divergent validity was moderate. So, the Bengali LAI can be applied as a HRQoL assessment tool for primary knee OA patients. Keywords: Lequesne Algofunctional index, Bengali, Translation, Cross-cultural adaptation, Validation Background Osteoarthritis is a common chronic, non-communicable disease. The knee is the most frequently affected joint in osteoarthritis (OA) causing pain, reduced mobility *Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Department of Medicine, Patuakhali Medical College, Patuakhali, Bangladesh Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
and restricting activities of daily living and quality of life [1]. Symptomatic knee OA is more common in women than in men and its prevalence increases with age [1]. In Bangladesh the point prevalence of knee OA is around 10% [2]. There is little or no correlation of radiographic OA changes with clinical symptoms, so therapeutic decisions depend on the pain intensity and physical disability suffered by
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