Translation, reliability and validity of the job satisfaction scale in a sample of Portuguese fitness professionals

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Translation, reliability and validity of the job satisfaction scale in a sample of Portuguese fitness professionals Liliana Ramos 1,2,3

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Dulce Esteves 3,4

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Isabel Vieira 1,2,3

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Susana Franco 1,2

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Vera Simões 1,2

Accepted: 9 October 2020 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020

Abstract This study aimed to translate and validate the job satisfaction scale (JSS) to Portuguese fitness professionals. A total of 418 fitness professionals (210 male; 208 female) with an average age of 30.9 ± 6.5 years and a professional experience of 7.72 ± 9.1 years participated in this study. Before conducting a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), we designed a test-retest analysis to determine reliability. Cronbach’s alpha demonstrated satisfactory internal consistency (.96), which revealed a high degree of temporal reliability. The confirmatory analyses supported a unidimensional model (1 factor/16 item) of the JSS in terms of model adequacy coefficients. In conclusion, we found that the measurement model (1 factor/16 items) of the translation and validation of the JSS for Portuguese fitness professionals had highly acceptable psychometric properties and can be used in future to access their job satisfaction. Keywords Job satisfaction . Job satisfaction scale . Fitness professionals . Validation studies . Psychometrics

Introduction A certified fitness professional has substantial knowledge about exercise and health (Fischer & Bryant, 2008) and encourages clients in their exercise routine to evaluate their fitness strengths and weaknesses, measures their physical exercise progress and educates them about wellness and health (Terason, 2018). In 2019, the Portugal Gyms Association reported that approximately 12,086 fitness professionals are working in the sector, leading to the substantial growth of this sector and contributing to customer satisfaction and retention (AGAP,

Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01116-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Liliana Ramos [email protected] 1

Sport Science School of Rio Maior, Polytechnic Institute of Santarém, Santarém, Portugal

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Life Quality Research Centre, CIEQV, Santarém, Portugal

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Department of Sports Sciences, University of Beira Interior UBI, Covilhã, Portugal

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Research Centre in Sport, Health and Human Development, CIDESD, Vila Real, Portugal

2020). When fitness professionals are satisfied with their work, it contributes, as in other professions, to high organizational commitment and low turnover rate between jobs (Llorente & Macías, 2005; Yousef, 2017). Job satisfaction is frequently measured in industrial/ organizational psychology (Dormann & Zapf, 2001; Heritage, Pollock, & Roberts, 2015). Furthermore, such satisfaction is strongly related to optimal well-being (Sironi, 2019), mental and physical health (Faragher, Cass, & Cooper, 2005), organizational commitment (Lok & Crawford, 2004) and is moderately relat