Transparent Ceramics for Ballistic Armor Applications
Ceramic materials that are transparent to visible light with excellent mechanical properties are emerging as suitable candidate materials for ballistic armor applications. Various advanced materials such as single crystal sapphire, spinel, and aluminum ox
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Rajendran Senthil Kumar, Papiya Biswas, Roy Johnson, and Yashwant Ramchandra Mahajan
Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Requisites of Transparency for Armor Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Requisites of Mechanical Properties for Armor Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Typical Armor Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traditional and Advanced Ceramic Armors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Traditional (Soda-Lime Glass Based) Transparent Armor and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Emerging Transparent Ceramic Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Abstract
Ceramic materials that are transparent to visible light with excellent mechanical properties are emerging as suitable candidate materials for ballistic armor applications. Various advanced materials such as single crystal sapphire, spinel, and aluminum oxynitride have been developed to withstand the penetration of the projectile during impact. The armors produced from these materials exhibit outstanding R. Senthil Kumar International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad, India e-mail: [email protected] P. Biswas Center for Ceramic Processing, International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI), Hyderabad, Telangana, India e-mail: [email protected] R. Johnson · Y. R. Mahajan (*) International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials, (ARCI), Balapur, Hyderabad, India e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Y. R. Mahajan, R. Johnson (eds.), Handbook of Advanced Ceramics and Composites, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16347-1_12
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ballistic performance compared to the conventional soda-lime glass and glassceramics due to their remarkable hardness in combination with other superior mechanical properties. This chapter presents an overview of various transparent ceramic materials that have been explored hitherto for the armor applications along with various processing fundamentals required to produce these materials. This chapter also reviews the fabrication and
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