Treatment Adherence, Meaning in Life and Affects in Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS Patients
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Treatment Adherence, Meaning in Life and Affects in Quality of Life of HIV/AIDS Patients Ana Reis1 · Leonor Lencastre2,3 · Catherina Jonsson2 · Marina Prista Guerra2,3
© Springer Nature B.V. 2019
Abstract The objective of this study is to identify the predictors of the QOL’s domains, specifically, to understand the relationship between biological markers, psychological variables and QOL of HIV/AIDS patients. Cross-sectional developed with 94 individuals with HIV/ AIDS, who attend the outpatient clinic specialty and have had an antiretroviral prescription for 3 months. WHOQOL-Bref (QOL), CEAT-VIH (treatment adherence), Meaning in life scale (ML) and PANAS (affects), and sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire. The results of the predictive models of the QOL’s domains, when controlling for the viral load and the CD4 + T cell count, encompass affect balance, treatment adherence and meaning in life with the highest explained variance in the predictive models of QOL in physical 37.4% and psychological 33.9% domains. The affect balance is a predictor of all QOL’s domains and treatment adherence is a predictor of three of them. ML is a predictor of the psychological and environmental domains. This study emphasizes the importance of affect balance, treatment adherence and meaning in life for the QOL in HIV. Keywords Quality of life · Treatment adherence · Meaning in life · Affect balance HIV/ AIDS
1 Introduction Recent data estimates that about 65 million have been infected with HIV and AIDS has already killed more than 25 million people worldwide since it was first identified in 1981. The vast majority of the 38.6 million people living with HIV in 2005 are unaware of their condition. AIDS is today one of the most serious development-related and security-related diseases facing the world (UNAIDS 2019). The concern with the quality of life (QOL) of * Ana Reis [email protected] * Marina Prista Guerra [email protected] 1
Escola Superior de Saúde de Santa Maria, Porto, Portugal
2
Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
3
Centre for Psychology of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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HIV/AIDS patients became accentuated with the introduction of the highly active therapy back in 1996. With the help of these new treatments, people started to live longer and with more quality of life (Ciesla and Roberts 2001). Several studies have focused on the relationship between psychosocial stress and the clinical progression of HIV/AIDS (Chida and Vedhara 2009), but there are inconsistencies in the results. However, it is known that the people living with HIV/AIDS deal with the social stigma of the condition, with HIV-associated pathologies and with the eminence of death, which may make them more likely to develop depressive symptoms or other emotional changes (Ciesla and Roberts 2001; Gonzalez et al. 2011). Combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) has changed HIV condition from a fatal and terminal disease to a chronic
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