Treatment of produced water from Niger Delta oil fields using simultaneous mixture of local materials
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ORIGINAL PAPER-PRODUCTION ENGINEERING
Treatment of produced water from Niger Delta oil fields using simultaneous mixture of local materials S. G. Udeagbara1 · S. O. Isehunwa2 · N. U. Okereke3 · I. U. Oguamah3 Received: 3 July 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Produced water (PW) from petroleum reservoirs often contains heavy metals and other contaminants that are harmful to the environment. Most of the commonly used treatment techniques have been reported to be ineffective in reducing some of the contaminants’ concentrations to recommended disposal levels. This study evaluated the effectiveness of four selected bioadsorbents combined for treating PW from Niger Delta oil fields. In this study, orange peels (I), banana peels (II), sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrica) (III) and palm kernel fibers (IV) were washed with distilled water, sun-dried (24 h) and dried in the oven at 105 ± 5 °C (3 h, I and II), 150 °C (30 min, III) and 80 °C (3 h, IV). They were ground into powder, sieved (150 μ, Group A) and (300 μ, Group B), washed with 0.4 mol/L HNO3, filtered and rinsed with distilled water. Samples of PW were obtained from fields R, X, and Y in the Niger Delta and analysed for heavy metals using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). Samples were treated in adsorption column over 6 h using the adsorbents simultaneously. Treated samples were analysed with AAS and characterised. Adsorption of heavy metals were assessed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Data were analysed using regression and other statistical methods. For the 150 μ size of sample R, the percentage reductions for the metal concentrations (Pb, Ni, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mg, Cr, Zn, Mn, Ca, Ar, B, Sn and Ba) were found to be 100%, 52.7%, 100%, 100%, 85.87%, 19.48%, 100%, 92.8%, 17.74%, 98.86%, 22.32%, 29.56%, 78.06% and 44.74%, respectively, while the reduction in 300 μ size were 1.52%, 97.2%, 71.4%, 17.1%, 43.8%, 45.6%, 7.04%, 89.6%, 35.4%, 99.6%, 0.0001%, 1.19%, 14.19% and 0.002%, respectively. The finer adsorbents were more effective. Similar results were obtained for PW samples from the other fields. Produced water from Niger Delta oil fields was effectively treated of contaminants using four selected bio-adsorbents mixed simultaneously. Keywords Produced water · Heavy metals adsorption · Adsorption isotherms · Bio-adsorbents
Introduction/background of the study The largest waste stream from oil field operations is produced water. Production across the globe is estimated at over 60 million barrels per day. The volume of oil produced from each petroleum reservoir depends on factors such as geological structure, petrophysics, reservoir drive mechanism,
* N. U. Okereke [email protected] 1
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado‑Ekiti, Nigeria
2
Department of Petroleum Engineering, University of Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
3
Department of Petroleum Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria
depletion stage, well completion method and production practices (Isehunwa
