Trends in Contemporary Mathematics

This book covers a wide spectrum of hot topics and current trends in mathematics, including noncommutative algebra via deformation theory,  optimal transportation, nonlinear potential theory, kinetic theory and gas dynamics, geometric numerical

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Vincenzo Ancona Elisabetta Strickland Editors

Trends in Contemporary Mathematics

Springer INdAM Series Volume 8

Editor-in-Chief V. Ancona Series Editors P. Cannarsa C. Canuto G. Coletti P. Marcellini G. Patrizio T. Ruggeri E. Strickland A. Verra

For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/10283

Vincenzo Ancona • Elisabetta Strickland Editors

Trends in Contemporary Mathematics

123

Editors Vincenzo Ancona Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica “Francesco Severi” Roma Italy

Elisabetta Strickland Dipartimento di Matematica UniversitJa degli Studi di Roma “Tor Vergata” Roma Italy

ISSN 2281-518X ISSN 2281-5198 (electronic) Springer INdAM Series ISBN 978-3-319-05253-3 ISBN 978-3-319-05254-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-05254-0 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014948184 © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface

INdAM, the Istituto Nazionale di Alta Matematica, has been a leading Italian mathematics research institute ever since it was founded in 1939. Throughout its existence, one of its principal aims has been to invite leading scientists in order to present their research and to deliver high-level training, while at the same tim