Triangulated Irregular Network

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Synonyms Table; List; Matrix

Definition A data structure to organize the tuples of a relation: {, , ...} in a structured way. An arrangement of numbers, words, symbols or items of any kind, in columns and rows. One-way table. The values of one or more variables (sets of data) are displayed either horizontally or vertically as a list. Each row or each column represents one data item. Two-way table. Also known as a contingency table or cross tabulation (cross tab). The rows are labeled with values of one of two variables and the columns with values of the other. The cell at each row and column intersection displays the value of a characteristic of the data that is shared by the two variables when they have the value displayed in the row and column headings. Multi-way table. The general idea of cross tabulation extended to more than two variables. The rows or columns or both are grouped by values of additional variables.

In the context of data visualization, tables are an effective way to show exact numerical values and are usually better suited than graphical methods to represent small data sets. They assist users in making comparisons and provide them with a convenient way of storing data for rapid reference. Tables can be formatted in many different ways to suit the type of data, the purpose of the table and its intended use. Ehrenberg [3] discusses tables in the context of readability, Bertin [1] considers tables as part of an information processing system, Card et al. [2] use them as a step in the process of mapping data to visual form while Harris [4] lists terms and key elements used in the design of tables. The terminology for tables has also been influenced by the widespread use of table-based spreadsheet programs. One example is the notion of a pivot table, a practical feature to reorganize lists as user specified tables, particularly useful for cross tabulations.

Cross-references ▶ Chart ▶ Data Visualization ▶ Tabular Data

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Key Points In database terminology a (one-way) table is the data structure used to represent data that are organized with the relational model. Two-way and multi-way tables are widely used tools to explore data by examining frequencies of observations that belong to specific categories on more than one variable.

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Bertin J. Graphics and Graphic Information-Processing. Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, New York, 1981. Card S.K., MacKinlay J.D., and Shneiderman B. Readings in Information Visualization: Using Vision to Think. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco, CA, 1999. Ehrenberg A.S.C. A Primer in Data Reduction. Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1982. Harris R.L. Information Graphics: A Comprehensive Illustrated Reference, Oxford University Press, New York, 1999.

Table Design ▶ Physical Database Design for Relational Databases

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Table Normalization

Table Normalization ▶ Physical Database Design for Relational Databases

Tabular Data J OSEP D OMINGO -F ERRER Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia

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