Tribotechnical and Ecological Evaluation of Friction Pairs of Brake Devices in Lifting and Transport Machines
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otechnical and Ecological Evaluation of Friction Pairs of Brake Devices in Lifting and Transport Machines A. L. Noskoa, W. Tarasiukb, I. A. Sharifullina, *, and E. V. Safronova aBauman
Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, 105005 Russia University of Technology, Bialystok, 15-351 Poland *e-mail: [email protected]
bBialystok
Received September 11, 2019; revised April 24, 2020; accepted April 29, 2020
Abstract—Tribotechnical and ecological evaluation of the friction pair FPM EМ-1/steel S235JR used in LTM braking devices was carried out. The analysis of the research results showed that in the range of contact pressures from 0.05 to 0.5 MPa, the wear of the friction lining is 1.5–2.5 times higher than the wear of the disk; the friction coefficient decreases from 0.91 to 0.43; the number of wear particles with diameters from 0.01 to 1.56 μm, which are the most dangerous for human health as they cause cardiovascular diseases, is about 94–98%; and the number of wear particles with diameters from 2.5 to 10 μm, which are associated with respiratory tract morbidity, does not exceed 6%. Keywords: friction pair, friction coefficient, wear, friction polymer material, tribotechnical evaluation, ecological evaluation, mass wear, particle number concentration, volume particle concentration, airborne wear particles, friction chamber DOI: 10.3103/S106836662004008X
INTRODUCTION During the operation of friction-type brake devices, wear products—brake dust that is extremely dangerous for human health—are released into the atmosphere. This dust can get into the human body through various pathways: via the respiratory system, skin, mucous membranes, and with food. Dust particles less than 100 μm in size, depending on the dust composition and concentration, have various types of adverse effects on the human body [1]. As shown by domestic and foreign studies, inhaled dust can settle on the mucous membrane of the nose, trachea, bronchi, and alveoli and cause chronic bronchitis, pneumoconiosis, cancer, allergic reactions, poisoning, and radiation damage. Prolonged exposure to dust results in hypertrophic and atrophic processes, as well as cell death [1–3]. There are a number of dust indicators that determine its effect on the human body, such as mass, solubility and chemical composition, dispersion (particle size) and shape, electric charge, and others. For ecological evaluation of the harmfulness of dust, it is highly important to know its particle size distribution, dispersion, as well as particle mass and/or quantitative concentration. The dispersion of dust affects the duration of settlement of particles, their physicochemical activity, the probability of getting
into the human body, and the nature of deposition in the internal organs [4]. Particular attention should be paid to the air containing finely dispersed solid dust particles less than 10 μm in diameter, which can penetrate the respiratory tract. The following size fractions of finely dispersed solid particles are distinguished [4]: PM10, mass concentration of particles
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