Trichloroethylene degradation by PVA-coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles in Fe(II)-based catalytic systems: enhanced p
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Trichloroethylene degradation by PVA-coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles in Fe(II)-based catalytic systems: enhanced performance by citric acid and nanoscale iron sulfide Meesam Ali 1,2 & Ali Shan 1,3 & Yong Sun 1 & Xiaogang Gu 4 & Shuguang Lyu 1,5 & Yanbo Zhou 1,5 Received: 11 April 2020 / Accepted: 30 August 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract In this study, the enhanced trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation performance was investigated by polyvinyl alcohol coated calcium peroxide nanoparticles (PVA@nCP) as an oxidant in Fe(II)-based catalytic systems. The nanoscale iron sulfide (nFeS), having an average particle size of 115.4 nm, was synthesized in the laboratory and characterized by SEM, TEM, HRTEM along with EDS elemental mapping, XRD, FTIR, ICP-OES, and XPS techniques. In only ferrous iron catalyzed system (PVA@nCP/Fe(II)), TCE degradation was recorded at 58.9% in 6 h. In comparison, this value was increased to 97.5% or 99.7% with the addition of citric acid (CA) or nFeS in PVA@nCP/Fe(II) system, respectively. A comparative study was performed with optimum usages of chemical reagents in both PVA@nCP/Fe(II)/CA and PVA@nCP/Fe(II)/nFeS systems. Further, the probe compounds tests and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) analysis confirmed the generation of reactive oxygen species. The scavenging experiments elucidated the dominant role of HO• to TCE degradation, particularly in PVA@nCP/Fe(II)/nFeS system. Both CA and nFeS strengthened PVA@nCP/Fe(II) system, but displayed completely different mechanisms in the enhancement of active radicals generation; hence, their different contribution to TCE degradation. The acidic environment was favorable for TCE degradation, and a high concentration of HCO3− inhibited TCE removal in both systems. Conclusively, compared to PVA@nCP/Fe(II)/nFeS system, PVA@nCP/Fe(II)/CA system resulted in encouraging TCE degradation outcomes in actual groundwater, showing great potential for prolonged benefits in the remediation of TCE polluted groundwater. Keywords Trichloroethylene . Calcium peroxide . Advanced oxidation processes . Reactive oxygen species . Groundwater remediation Highlights • PVA@nCP was synthesized and proposed as a slow H2O2 release oxidant. • The addition of citric acid or nFeS into PVA@nCP/Fe(II) system enhanced TCE removal efficiency. • The entirely different enhancement mechanism of reactive oxygen species was revealed in citric acid and nFeS addition systems • PVA@nCP/Fe(II)/CA system was recommended for TCEcontaminated groundwater remediation in practice. Responsible editor: Vítor Pais Vilar Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10678-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Yanbo Zhou [email protected]
3
Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore 46000, Pakistan
1
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Pro
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