TRIZ
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TRIZ Tom Vaneker* University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
Introduction to TRIZ TRIZ is a theory that led to a set of methods and tools that can be used for product analysis, problem solving, product innovation, and the prediction of upcoming instances of existing products. The word TRIZ is an acronym that stems from the Russian term Teoria Reshenia Izobretatelskih Zadatch, which in English is often translated to the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TIPS). TRIZ was developed by Genrich Altshuller from 1946 onwards after studying over 400,000 patents. Based on the study of these patents, the following insights were developed (Kotze and Souchkov 2011). • Over 99 % of all product innovation steps are based on known principles. Less than 0.3 % are real new technological or physical discoveries. • Product innovation is the result of solving contradictions. • Technological systems evolve. The way these systems are evolving obeys certain laws of evolution. • The process used for product innovation is not specific to a certain technological domain but is generic to all technical domains. • New innovative ideas can be generated systematically if we can reuse known experiences, and solutions from other technological domains can be reused. The tools and methods of TRIZ have been developed based on the notion that new instances of products don’t emerge randomly but that their conception is focused by universal driving forces. Any technological system is built to perform a function. If that function can be accomplished fully while utilizing less mass, less energy, smaller dimensions, etc., the system (from a technological point of view) will be conceived as superior. To put it more extreme, technological systems will develop toward an ideal system. This ideal system does not exist as a physical entity (has no mass and consumes no energy), but the function of the system is still performed. With that, the driving force within product development becomes the pursuit of ideality (Fey and Rivin 2005). Degree of Ideality ¼
Functionality Cost þ Problems
In Kotze and Souchkov (2011), five levels of problem solving are defined. Levels 1 and 2 type problems can be solved within the domain of the technical system, and only linear and nonlinear system changes are needed to solve the problems. Levels 3 and 4 type problems require introduction of known solutions from other technological domains. Level 5 requires the beforementioned technological or physical discoveries. Typically, problems of level 1 and 2 can be solved efficiently by experts from the field using techniques like brainstorming, trial and error, etc. For levels 3 and 4 type problems, techniques like TRIZ, that propose solutions from other technical domains, are more efficient than, for example, trial and error.
*Email: [email protected] Page 1 of 5
CIRP Encyclopedia of Production Engineering DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-35950-7_16806-1 # CIRP 2015
To apply TRIZ to levels 3 and 4 type problems, TRIZ introduces the notion of abstraction (Fig. 1). Any problem in itsel
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