Trophic resource partitioning by sympatric ecomorphs of Schizopygopsis (Cyprinidae) in a young Pamir Mountain lake: prel
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Trophic resource partitioning by sympatric ecomorphs of Schizopygopsis (Cyprinidae) in a young Pamir Mountain lake: preliminary results Aleksandra S. Komarova1 · Oksana L. Rozanova2 · Boris A. Levin1,3 Received: 13 June 2020 / Revised: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 19 August 2020 © The Ichthyological Society of Japan 2020
Abstract Four sympatric ecomorphs – detritivorous, predator, benthivorous, and phytophagous – of the cyprinid fish Schizopygopsis stolickai were recorded in a young Pamir lake, Lake Yashilkul, located at > 3,700 m above sea level. Some ecomorphs are divergent in diet, gut length, and stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N. The predator ecomorph has a shorter gut, and is the most enriched in δ15N (14.5‰), indicating its occupation of the highest trophic level. The lowest δ15N values (11.1‰) were detected in the detritivorous ecomorph. There was significant overlap in the diet of some individuals belonging to different ecomorphs, reflecting high trophic plasticity despite ongoing trophic specialization. Keywords Trophic polymorphism · Resource partitioning · Diet · Stable isotopes · Cyprinid fishes
Introduction Trophic resource partitioning is one of the main drivers of adaptive radiation and speciation under sympatry (Schluter 2000). Trophic polymorphism – a prerequisite for trophic specialization and niche divergence – is well documented in Arctic charr (Salvelinus), whitefish (Coregonus), as well as among cichlids (Reshetnikov 1980; Meyer 1989; Alekseyev et al. 2002; Hulsey et al. 2018; Moser et al. 2018). Although cyprinid fishes exhibit striking examples of adaptive radiations based on trophic resource partitioning (e.g. large African barbs of the genus Labeobarbus; Sibbing et al. 1998; Levin et al. 2019, 2020), they are far less studied. For example, cyprinids express many cases of mouth polymorphism
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10228-020-00773-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Boris A. Levin [email protected] 1
Papanin Institute of Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok, Russia
2
Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
3
Cherepovets State University, Cherepovets, Russia
indicative of trophic diversification, yet there is an insufficient amount of studies to investigate the cause of this. False osmans, belonging to the genus Schizopygopsis, are a species-rich group of fishes comprising 17 species of the subfamily Schizothoracinae (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae), endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Himalayas and Pamir mountains (Berg 1949; He et al. 2020). The genus Schizopygopsis belongs to the highly specialized grade within Schizothoracinae, along with the genera Gymnocypris, Oxygymnocypris, Platypharodon and Chuanchia, which are sister to the Diptychus+Gymnodiptychus clade (Tang et al. 2019). The trophic ecomorphs of Schizopygopsis stolickai Steindachner 1866 were reported from two w
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