Tropical Circulation Systems and Monsoons
This is a book on the practical side of tropical meteorology which in its 3 Parts covered in 12 chapters reviews several current theories and ideas on tropical circulations and monsoons, offering new definitions and ideas to facilitate a systematic develo
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Kshudiram Saha
Tropical Circulation Systems and Monsoons
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Dr. Kshudiram Saha 4008 Beechwood Road University Park MD 20782 USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-642-03372-8 e-ISBN 978-3-642-03373-5 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-03373-5 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009935567 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: deblik, Berlin Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Dedicated with gratitude to my beloved wife, Usha
Preface
The present book is a sequel to the author’s first book entitled ‘The Earth’s Atmosphere – Its Physics and Dynamics’, published in 2008, and addresses the practical side of the subject with stress on proper analysis and interpretation of tropical data. It deals specifically with circulation systems that are excited by heat sources and sinks in the Earth-atmosphere system over the tropics and extratropics. Together, the two volumes are intended to form a fairly comprehensive course of study of tropical meteorology, in theory and practice. A few new ideas, especially on monsoons, though empirically derived from data and analysis, would appear to be intuitionally born out of nowhere and are put forward by the author in the hope that they will be verified by practicing meteorologists in the years to come. The book is divided into three parts: the first deals with some general aspects of tropical general circulations and their disturbances; the second with monsoons over seven regions of the tropics, and the third with monsoons over Central America and the extratropical belt of North America. Part I, in dealing with the General circulation of the atmosphere in the tropics and its large-scale perturbations, introduces the Hadley, Walker and Monsoon circulations in a unified system. It also introduces the synoptic-scale tropical disturbances, such as Easterly waves, monsoon troughs, depressions and cyclones and gives a detailed account of their formation, structure, development and movement over different parts of the globe. Part II is devoted wholly to Monsoons in different parts of the tropics. The regions covered are Southern Asia, Eastern
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