Turbulence Nature and the Inverse Problem
Hydrodynamic equations well describe averaged parameters of turbulent steady flows, at least in pipes where boundary conditions can be estimated. The equations might outline the parameters fluctuations as well, if entry conditions at current boundaries we
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FLUID MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS Volume 89 Series Editor:
R. MOREAU MADYLAM Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Hydraulique de Grenoble Boîte Postale 95 38402 Saint Martin d’Hères Cedex, France
Aims and Scope of the Series The purpose of this series is to focus on subjects in which fluid mechanics plays a fundamental role. As well as the more traditional applications of aeronautics, hydraulics, heat and mass transfer etc., books will be published dealing with topics which are currently in a state of rapid development, such as turbulence, suspensions and multiphase fluids, super and hypersonic flows and numerical modeling techniques. It is a widely held view that it is the interdisciplinary subjects that will receive intense scientific attention, bringing them to the forefront of technological advancement. Fluids have the ability to transport matter and its properties as well as to transmit force, therefore fluid mechanics is a subject that is particularly open to cross fertilization with other sciences and disciplines of engineering. The subject of fluid mechanics will be highly relevant in domains such as chemical, metallurgical, biological and ecological engineering. This series is particularly open to such new multidisciplinary domains. The median level of presentation is the first year graduate student. Some texts are monographs defining the current state of a field; others are accessible to final year undergraduates; but essentially the emphasis is on readability and clarity.
For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/5980
L.N. Pyatnitsky
Turbulence Nature and the Inverse Problem
With 75 Figures
L.N. Pyatnitsky Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS) Inst. Physicotechnical Problems in Power Engineering Panferov Street 8–139 Moskva, Moscow, Russian Federation [email protected]
This is a completely revised and updated translation of the original Russian work “NavierStokes Equation and Turbulent Pulsations” (in Russian); Moscow, 2006, Russian Foundation for Basic Research.
ISBN: 978-90-481-2250-9
e-ISBN: 978-90-481-2251-6
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009921129 © Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2009 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper 987654321 springer.com
Preface
Turbulent dynamics of fluids and gases occurs in a variety of natural and technical systems. Turbulence plays a fundamental role in the atmospheres of the Earth and the Sun, the intermixing of fluids in oceans, and river flows. Understanding turbulence is necessary to calculate the parameters of media flows in pipes, flows of air around cars, aircrafts, and space vehicles in the atmosphere. Due to the wide
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