Turnbull Lectureship Bestowed on Nowick
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Turnbull Lectureship Bestowed on Nowick
Arthur S. Nowick, Henry Marion Howe Professor Emeritus of Metallurgy and Materials Science at Columbia University in the Henry Krumb School of Mines, has been selected as the 1994 recipient of the David Turnbull Lectureship "for pioneering work in anelastic and dielectric behavior, in fast ion conductors, and in amorphous alloys, and for his excellence in teaching and writing." The David Turnbull Lectureship recognizes the career of a scientist who has made outstanding contributions to understanding materials phenomena and properties through research, writing, and lecturing, as exemplified by David Turnbull. Nowick has made major contributions to the understanding of defect states in solids, and he has educated and encouraged young scientists and engineers. He has a highly interdisciplinary approach to research in materials. While training as a physicist, he launched his research career with the study of point defects and dislocations in metal alloys and their role in diffusion in the early 1950s. He soon expanded his treatment of defects to the alkali halides, including work on color centers and impurity and deformation effects on ionic conductivity. His later research expanded into transport and relaxation processes in ceramic oxides, glasses, and polyimides. Nowick is particularly well-known for his work on internal friction and anelasticity, which culminated in a definitive treatise on this subject, Anelastic Relaxation in Crystalline Solids (1972, co-
authored with B.S. Berry). In this and other publications, he developed a comprehensive theory of anelastic and dielectric behavior caused by point defects and their interactions. He was one of the early pioneers in the use of internal friction as
a tool to study the dynamics of dislocation motion. He also developed the use of anelasticity to study alloy phenomena, particularly atomic mobility in solid solutions. He was the first to demonstrate that quenching-in of vacancies could produce enhanced atom movement. Nowick developed internal friction and anelasticity into a form of mechanical spectroscopy. He taught the next generation how to use the technique and how to formulate the important questions that the method could address. Nowick has long been active in studying defect mobility in ionic crystals, beginning with the alkali halides in the 1950s. His research has included studies of the defect structure of quartz crystals, of oxides which behave as oxygen-ion conductors (especially ceria and its solid solution), and of oxides of the perovskiterelated structure that are principally protonic conductors. His work with graduate students on ceria-based oxide ion and perovskitebased hydrogen-ion fast ion conductors has stimulated the investigation of new fast ion and mixed ionic-electronic conductors, has clarified the roles of dopants and chemical composition in forming defect complexes and influencing transport, and has contributed to the understanding of interfacial kinetics at electrode-gas interfaces. While at IBM, a
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