Twentieth-Century Literary Theory A Reader
A thoroughly revised edition of this successful undergraduate introduction to literary theory, this text includes core pieces by leading theorists from Russian Formalists to Postmodernist and Post-colonial critics. An ideal teaching resource, with helpful
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THEORY INTO PRACTICE
Twentieth-Century Literary Theory A Reader Second Edition
Edited by
K. M. Newton
Macmillan Education
TWENTIETH-CENTURY LITERARY THEORY
Introduction, editorial matter and selection © 1997 K. M. Newton Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1997 978-0-333-67741-4 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information, address: St. Martin's Press, Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 First edition 1988 Second edition 1997 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
ISBN 978-0-333-67742-1 ISBN 978-1-349-25934-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-25934-2 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Twentieth century literary theory: a reader / edited by K.M. Newton. -2nded. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312-17588-7 (cloth : alk. paper). - ISBN 978-0-312-17589-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) I. Criticism-History-20th century. I. Newton, K. M. PN94.T87 1998 801 '.95'0904--dc2 I 97-10704 CIP
CONTENTS Acknowledgements
IX
xiii
Introduction
I
RUSSIAN FORMALISM AND PRAGUE STRUCTURALISM
1 2 3 4 II
5 6 7 8
9
10
15
THE NEW CRITICISM AND LEAVISIAN CRITICISM
19
I. A. Richards: 'Poetry and Beliefs' Cleanth Brooks: 'The Formalist Critic' Kenneth Burke: 'Formalist Criticism: Its Principles and Limits' John M. Ellis: 'The Relevant Context of a Literary Text' F. R. Leavis: 'Literary Criticism and Philosophy' John Casey: 'Object, Feeling and Judgement: F. R. Leavis'
11
Hans-Georg Gadamer: 'Language as Determination of the Hermeneutic Object' E. D. Hirsch,Jr: 'Three Dimensions of Hermeneutics' P. D. Juhl: 'The Appeal to the Text: What Are We Appealing to?' Paul Ricoeur: 'The Conflict of Interpretations' William V. Spanos: 'Breaking the Circle: , Hermeneutics as Dis-closure
14 15
10
22 26 30 34 37 41 45
HERMENEUTICS
13
3 6
Victor Shklovsky: 'Art as Technique' RomanJakobson: 'The Dominant' P. N. Medvedev/M. Bakhtin: 'The Object, Tasks and Methods of Literary History' Jan MukarovskY: 'Aesthetic Function, Norm and Value as Social Facts'
III
12
1
v
47 51 57 60 64
vi
CONTENTS
IV
LINGUISTIC CRITICISM
70
16 17
RomanJakobson: 'Linguistics and Poetics' Roger Fowler: 'Literature as Discourse'
71 77
V
STRUCTURALISM AND SEMIOTICS
83
18 19
86
23
Tzvetan Todorov: 'Definition of Poetics' Gerard Genette: 'Structuralism and Literary Criticism' Roland Barthes: 'Science versus Literature' Jonathan Culler: 'Semiotics as a Theory of Reading' Yury M. Lotman: 'The Content and Structure of the Concept of "Literature'" Morse Peckham: 'The Problem ofInterpretation'
102 106
VI
POST-STRUCTURALISM
112
24
27 28
Jacques Derrida: 'Structure, Sign and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences' Roland Barthes: 'The Death of the Author' Julia Kristeva: 'The System and the Spe
