Two Different Variant Veins Rarely Seen in the Deep Venous System of the Lower Extremities: Case Report
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Two Different Variant Veins Rarely Seen in the Deep Venous System of the Lower Extremities: Case Report Kaan Çimen 1
&
Güldal Doğruyol 1 & Mehmet Çimen 1
Accepted: 20 November 2020 / Published online: 27 November 2020 # Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020
Abstract In this case, two different rare variant veins were encountered and clinical significance and nomenclature were studied. During the dissection of a 45-year-old female cadaver, two different coursed variant veins on both popliteal fossae were encountered. Variant veins both originated from anastomosis with the popliteal vein on both sides. The right variant vein course was above the adductor magnus muscle. Then, it was arced to the anterior thigh for terminating to the femoral vein between adductor magnus and minimus muscles. Its length was 25.25 cm, and it had a single well-developed valve. The left variant vein coursed between the biceps femoris and semimembranosus muscles and terminated to the inferior gluteal vein at the lower border of the gluteus maximus muscle. Its length was 17.5 cm, and it had two well-developed valves, which were located 8.4 cm and the second 13.9 cm away from its beginning. Variant veins considered as a complete type of persistent vein and axial truncus + femoral vein on the right and left sides, respectively. The variant veins and similar venous variations encountered in this case should be considered by clinicians due to be in related to pulmonary embolism. Also, it might be kept in mind to avoid misinterpretation of the deep venous thrombosis. Keywords Deep venous anatomy . Variant vein . Cadaver . Case report
Introduction In the modal anatomy, the venous system of the lower limb was divided as superficial, deep, and perforator. The great and small saphenous veins are the main venous vessels in the superficial venous system. The small saphenous vein begins posterior to the lateral malleolus, as a continuation of the lateral marginal vein and terminate to the popliteal vein. The great saphenous vein starts below as a continuation of the medial margin vein and ends in the femoral vein, a short distal to the inguinal ligament. Deep veins of the lower limb accompany the arteries. Posterior and anterior tibial veins unite with each other to form the popliteal vein. The popliteal vein ascends through the popliteal fossa to an aperture in the adductor magnus muscle, where it becomes the femoral vein. The This article is part of the Topical Collection on Medicine * Kaan Çimen [email protected] 1
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
femoral vein accompanies its artery, beginning at the adductor opening as the continuation of the popliteal vein, and ending posterior to the inguinal ligament as the external iliac vein. Perforator veins provide the connection between deep veins and great saphenous vein. In these channels, valves are arranged to prevent flow of the blood from deep to superficial veins [1]. Nerves appear first during the intrauterine period. Vascular
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