Two-dimensional graphene-plasmonic crystals for all-optical switch applications
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Two‑dimensional graphene‑plasmonic crystals for all‑optical switch applications S. Almasi Monfared1,2 · M. Seifouri1 · S. M. Hamidi2 · S. M. Mohseni3 Received: 23 July 2020 / Accepted: 21 October 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present study experimentally and theoretically demonstrated an all-optical switch based on a two-dimensional plasmonic crystal structure which was covered by a graphene layer. The optical modes in the photonic band gap of the crystal can be tuned due to the surface plasmon resonance of plasmonic crystal and nonlinear Kerr effect of graphene. Therefore, in the present study, the plasmon resonance wavelength was shifted about 10 and 2.1 nm for the transverse electric and the magnetic polarization in 58° incident angle, respectively. To get switching manner, by applying the 1550 nm infrared laser as a pump the electric field was increased due to large Kerr nonlinearity of graphene,n2 ≈ 10−7cm2/W. As a result, refractive index was changed and thus the resonance wavelength of surface plasmon was shifted. In order to confirm the experimental results, Kerr nonlinear effect of graphene, and optical electric field distribution at resonance wavelength have been simulated. Based on the results, this switch had three main advantages such as small size, high tunablitiy, and easier fabrication compared to the other methods, which use defect photonic crystal structures. Keywords 2D photonic crystal · Graphene · Surface plasmon polariton · All-optical switch
1 Introduction Nowadays, using optical, instead of electronic, devices has become essential for speeding up the transmission and processing of information. Optical filters, switches, and gates are among these devices (Wang et al. 2018; Nozaki et al. 2013; Zhao et al. 2016; Mehdizadeh et al. 2017). Accordingly, photonic engineering, which deals with controlling photon
* M. Seifouri [email protected] * S. M. Hamidi [email protected] 1
Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
2
Magneto‑Plasmonic Lab, Laser and Plasma Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3
Physics Department, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
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propagation at the scale of wavelengths, has gained great importance. To this end, photonic crystals (PhCs) have received special interest in recent years due to their unique properties in controlling light propagation. A PhC can be simply defined as an environment with periodic optical properties. The most important effect of periodicity is the existence of continuous and bounded regions in the frequency domain where no wave propagation is possible in the structure. These areas are called the photon band gap or the forbidden band. The crystal becomes defective if the periodic structure of the PhC is disturbed and the defect in the periodic structure causes transmission modes known as the defect modes. Considering this p
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