Two-Stage Spectrum Sensing Using Fuzzy Logic for Cognitive Radio Networks
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RESEARCH ARTICLE
Two-Stage Spectrum Sensing Using Fuzzy Logic for Cognitive Radio Networks Bhawna Ahuja1 • Gurjit Kaur2
Received: 5 April 2015 / Revised: 10 September 2018 / Accepted: 1 February 2019 Ó The National Academy of Sciences, India 2019
Abstract In this paper, we present a two-stage detection scheme using fuzzy logic for spectrum sensing. The first stage consists of the dynamic double-threshold energy detector, whereas the second stage uses of a fuzzy logic system. Fuzzy logic detector utilizes estimated energy and estimated eigenvalue of the signal and gives a decision in confused state. The novelty of the proposed spectrum sensing technique lies in its decision-making capability at individual nodes without adding any overhead to the system in terms of control channel which ultimately reduces the bandwidth consumption. It has been observed from the results that the proposed system yields improved performance in comparison with the conventional two-stage detection schemes. The proposed scheme was also analyzed in cooperative sensing scenario where it outperforms the conventional cooperative spectrum sensing schemes to a considerable extent. Keywords Cooperative spectrum sensing Spectrum sensing technique Fuzzy logic Two-stage detector Eigenvalue detector
& Gurjit Kaur [email protected]; [email protected] Bhawna Ahuja [email protected] 1
Galgotias College of Engineering, Greater Noida, India
2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Delhi Technological University, Delhi, India
1 Introduction Cognitive radio (CR) has always been considered as the enabler technology for effective utilization of frequency spectrum, and it accurately and reliably senses the spectral conditions of the frequency spectrum. It aims to recognize the presence and absence of the licensed user usually referred to as primary user (PU) in the licensed frequency spectrum. If PU is absent, it allocates the spectrum of PU to the secondary user (SU). SUs are low-preference users who avail the spectrum without causing interference to PUs under certain conditions [1]. Till now, a number of researchers reported various spectrum sensing techniques. They mainly include cyclostationary-based detection, covariance-based detection, energy detection (ED), matched filter and multi-taper spectrum estimation. All these techniques have already shown to provide different trade-offs between complexity and detection capability [2, 3]. Among them, ED is used for its simple architecture, fast sensing and lesser implementation cost, and moreover, it doesn’t require any prior data about the PU, so its complexity is very low. Classical energy detector (CED) uses only one threshold, but the performance of CED seems to degrade at low SNR values [4]. The only potential solution to overcome this limitation is to design multi-stage methods. A two-stage spectrum sensing technique was proposed that consists of coarse and fine detection process [5]. The two-stage spectrum sensing techniques are able to do faster detec
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