Two-Way Analysis of Variance Statistical Tests and Graphics Using R
In statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models used to distinguish between an observed variance in a particular variable and its component parts. In its simplest form, ANOVA provides a statistical test of whether o
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Thomas W. MacFarland
Two-Way Analysis of Variance Statistical Tests and Graphics Using R
123
Thomas W. MacFarland Office for Institutional Effectiveness Nova Southeastern University Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA [email protected]
ISSN 2191-544X e-ISSN 2191-5458 ISBN 978-1-4614-2133-7 e-ISBN 978-1-4614-2134-4 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-2134-4 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011943305 © Thomas W. MacFarland 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Contents
1
Learn R with Sample Lessons in Education and the Social Sciences, Health, and the Biological Sciences . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Purpose of These Lessons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Background on R. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Background on Two-Way ANOVA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Organization of These Lessons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.1 Data Import or Data Entry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.2 Data Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.3 Display the Code Book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.4 Conduct a Visual Data Check .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4.5 Descriptive Analysis of the Data . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 Details of the Three Sample Datasets . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.1 Tab-Separated ASCII File. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.2 Fixed Width–Fixed Column ASCII File .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5.3 Comma-Separated Values ASCII File . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Sample 1: Comparison of Scores on a Final Examination by Teaching Method and by Status as a Community College Graduate .. . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
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