UAV Prototype for Geophysical Studies
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Prototype for Geophysical Studies I. M. Aleshina, b, S. D. Ivanova, V. N. Koryagina, F. V. Perederina, and K. I. Kholodkova, * a
Schmidt Institute of Physics of the Earth, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 123242 Russia Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Arkhangelsk, 163000 Russia *e-mail: [email protected]
b
Abstract—Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have become an important part of modern fieldwork. Constant innovations, expansion of the functionality of UAVs, and the reduction of their costs are creating new opportunities for drones to be used in geophysical research. The conditions prevalent in difficult terrain are no longer insurmountable. UAVs allow magnetic surveys to be carried out faster than portable magnetometers carried on foot and they also use much fewer resources than manned aviation. There is a need for UAVs designed to perform such tasks. The prototype created includes the equipment needed for programming and operating the vehicle for conducting geophysical research and storing the data obtained. It is tested under different conditions in order to define the optimal technical parameters of the UAV. Detailed technical descriptions of the prototype, the different stages of the experiment conducted, and operation procedures for controlling the prototype are described. Keywords: UAV, magnetic surveys, drone, magnetometers, prototype DOI: 10.3103/S0747923920050047
INTRODUCTION Magnetic surveys, e.g., mineral prospecting, are usually carried out using mobile magnetometers These can be either portable devices, consisting of a magnetic field sensor, a global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receiver with an antenna, a recording system (Laboratory of Quantum Magnetometry, Magnetometer..., 2020; GEM System, GEM GSMP..., 2020; GEM System, GEM GSM-19T..., 2020; Geometrics Company, G-858..., 2020), or special equipment kits to be placed on manned aircraft (airplanes and helicopters) (Mavrichev and Petrova, 2001; Babayants et al., 2006). Mobile magnetometers allow information about the magnetic field to be obtained with a very high spatial resolution; however, to achieve this objective, the device must be carried along all the profiles of interest, which can be difficult in difficult terrains, such as swamps and rocks. Filming from manned vehicles, on the other hand, is quite expensive and does not always provide a sufficiently high resolution. Magnetometers mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) make it possible to combine the advantages of the shooting speed and area coverage available to aircraft with the resolution comparable to ground-based methods. Most UAVs are heavier than two types of aircraft: airplane and copter (vertical takeoff and landing). Airplane-type UAVs are also called fixed-wing UAVs. This type of apparatus is characterized by a high speed and greater autonomy of flight compared to helicopter-type apparatuses, which allows covering large
areas. When a low speed (including hovering in place) and a low flight altitude is required, the copter-type,
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