Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing 5th International Conference,

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing, UIC 2008, held in Oslo, Norway, in June 2008, co-located with ATC 2008, the 5th International Conference on Autonomic and Trusted

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Editorial Board David Hutchison Lancaster University, UK Takeo Kanade Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Josef Kittler University of Surrey, Guildford, UK Jon M. Kleinberg Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA Alfred Kobsa University of California, Irvine, CA, USA Friedemann Mattern ETH Zurich, Switzerland John C. Mitchell Stanford University, CA, USA Moni Naor Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Oscar Nierstrasz University of Bern, Switzerland C. Pandu Rangan Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, India Bernhard Steffen University of Dortmund, Germany Madhu Sudan Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA Demetri Terzopoulos University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Doug Tygar University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA Gerhard Weikum Max-Planck Institute of Computer Science, Saarbruecken, Germany

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Frode Eika Sandnes Yan Zhang Chunming Rong Laurence T. Yang Jianhua Ma (Eds.)

Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing 5th International Conference, UIC 2008 Oslo, Norway, June 23-25, 2008 Proceedings

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Volume Editors Frode Eika Sandnes Oslo University College, Oslo, Norway E-mail: [email protected] Yan Zhang Simula Research Laboratory, Lysaker, Norway E-mail: [email protected] Chunming Rong University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway E-mail: [email protected] Laurence T. Yang St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Jianhua Ma Hosei University, Tokyo 184-8584, Japan E-mail: [email protected]

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008929350 CR Subject Classification (1998): H.4, C.2, D.4.6, H.5, I.2, K.4 LNCS Sublibrary: SL 3 – Information Systems and Application, incl. Internet/Web and HCI ISSN ISBN-10 ISBN-13

0302-9743 3-540-69292-4 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York 978-3-540-69292-8 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Violations are liable to prosecution under the German Copyright Law. Springer is a part of Springer Science+Business Media springer.com © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2008 Printed in Germany Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Scientific Publishing Services, Chennai, India Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 12277919 06/3180 543210

Preface

This volume contains the proceedings of UIC 2008, the 5th International Conference on Ubiquitous Intelligence and Computing: Building Smart Worlds in Real and Cyber Spaces. The conference was held in Oslo, Norway, during June 23–25, 2008. The event was the fifth meeting of this conference series. USW 2005 (First International Workshop on Ubiquitous Smart Wor