Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 8

The purpose of the Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics Conference series is to focus on advanced technologies for the generation, radiation and detection of ultra-wideband short pulse signals, taking into account their propagation and scatter

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Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 8

Edited by

Carl E. Baum Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA

Alexander P. Stone Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM, USA

J. Scott Tyo College of Optical Sciences University of Arizona Tucson, AZ, USA

Alexander P. Stone Department of Mathematics University of New Mexico Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA

Carl E. Baum Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of New Mexico EECE Bldg., MSC01 1100 Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001 USA J. Scott Tyo Optical Sciences Center Department of Electrical Engineering University of Arizona 1630 E. University Blvd. Tucson, AZ 85721 USA

ISBN 978-0-387-73045-5

e-ISBN 978-0-387-73046-2

Library of Congress Control Number: 2007932606 © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. Printed on acid-free paper. 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

PREFACE The eighth conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWBSP8) was held at the Convention Center of Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA, on 9-14 July 2006. This was part of AMEREM 2006. This in turn was part of a Joint Symposium including IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium and USNC (US National Committee)/URSI (International Union of Radio Science) National Radio Science Meeting. This continues the tradition extending through Magdeburg, Germany (2004), on back to their beginning at Polytechnic University in Brooklyn, New York, USA (1992). Like the previous conferences, the eighth in this series extends the earlier results. The subjects include pulse radiation and measurement, scattering theory, target detection and identification, antennas, signal processing, communications, and related subjects. It should be noted that, at this Joint Symposium, ultra-wideband was prominently recognized by the presentation of the John Kraus Antenna Award of the IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society to C.E. Baum, E.G. Farr, and D.V. Giri “For development of novel and innovative ultra-wideband antenna concepts that have enabled a new area of electromagnetics.” The photograph on the front cover is that of JOLT, an extremely powerful radiator of impulse-like electromagnetic waves. It was developed by the Air Force Research Laboratory, Directed Energy Directorate, on Ki