Ultrasound-assisted polymerization of benzoquinone (BQ) with triphenylamine (TPA): comparison of computational and exper
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Ultrasound‑assisted polymerization of benzoquinone (BQ) with triphenylamine (TPA): comparison of computational and experimental studies Neetika Singh1 · Elham S. Aazam2 · Ufana Riaz1 Received: 5 May 2020 / Revised: 26 August 2020 / Accepted: 23 September 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present preliminary work reports chemical oxidative polymerization of benzoquinone with triphenylamine via ultrasound-assisted technique. The obtained polymer was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, while the electronic transitions were analyzed via ultraviolet–visible studies. The experimental data were compared with the theoretically computed results using Gaussian 09 software. Theoretical IR and UV spectra were computed using DFT/B3LYP method with 6-311G basis set, and the results of spectral analysis were found to be in good agreement with the experimental ones. TEM analysis revealed flower-like particles, while the XRD results confirmed the formation of semi-crystalline polymers. Fluorescence studies exhibited emission around 800 nm, while the relative quantum yield was calculated to be 0.58. The synthesized polymer therefore holds immense potential to be used as near infrared bioimaging agent. Keywords Conjugated polymer · Morphology · UV–visible spectroscopy · Fluorescence emission
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s0028 9-020-03384-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Ufana Riaz [email protected] 1
Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
2
Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdul Aziz University, Jeddah 23622, Saudi Arabia
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Polymer Bulletin
Introduction Donor–acceptor (D–A)-based conjugated polymers include electron donor as well as acceptor moieties and are regarded as a popular choice for electrochromic materials due to significant advantages of fast response times, high optical contrast ratios and color tunability via controlling the molecular architecture [1–5]. Triphenylamine (TPA)-based polymers are well-known for their electronic as well as photoactive properties and have been widely investigated for various optoelectronic applications such as electrophotography, light-emitting diodes, fieldeffect transistors, solar cells, electrochromic devices [6–9]. Design of conjugated polymers via incorporating bulky, three-dimensional triarylamine units renders good solubility and enhanced fluorescence emission. Such polymers are lately utilized in imaging biological moieties in the infrared window [10–14]. Quinone derivatives and their polymers have also been well reported to be redox-active and exhibit intense near infrared (NIR) absorption [15, 16]. Although electro-polymerization of triphenylamine derivatives has been extensively investigated, till date no work has been reported on the chemical synthesis of polymers containing bot
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