Unconscious Emotion
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Ubiquitous Learning KINSHUK1, SABINE GRAF2 School of Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Athabasca, AB, Canada 2 School of Computing and Information Systems, Athabasca University, Edmonton, AB, Canada 1
Synonyms All-pervading learning; U-learning
Definition Ubiquitous learning can be defined as an everyday learning environment that is supported by mobile and embedded computers and wireless networks in our everyday life (Ogata et al. 2009). It is aimed to provide learners with content and interaction anytime and anywhere (Hwang et al. 2008). The learning process includes the real-life experience augmented with virtual information and is adapted to the learner and learner’s environment. The content objects, activities, and the interaction with the system and with other humans (including instructors and peers) are customized according to learner’s current goals of learning,
interests and preferences, cognitive characteristics, history and current state of competency in the subject matter in hand, the characteristics and demands of the location, the technology being used as the medium and facilitator for learning, and the context of the situation in which the learning is taking place.
Theoretical Background Traditional paradigm of classroom learning has been criticized for being too artificial, rigid, and unresponsive to the needs of today’s society. It is not only incapable of accommodating those who, for whatever reason, are not able to attend formal classes at a predefined place at a predefined time, but also the learning in such environment is very much out of context. Researchers argue that learning is largely a situated phenomenon and real-life experiences in authentic settings are a primary requirement for successful and effective learning. Ubiquitous learning provides such settings of omnipresent learning in which virtual and electronic resources are made available through portable devices that help learners navigate the real and surrounding physical world (Peng et al. 2008). Learning happens all around the learners without any conscious effort on the part of the learner. Ubiquitous learning no longer restricts learning process to be inside the classroom or formal learning environments. Rather, the learning involves situating learners in both the real world and the virtual world to extend learners’ learning experiences (Shih et al. 2011). Ubiquitous learning therefore provides learners with opportunities to learn in their own environment, in context, using the kind of artifacts they can relate their work and living experiences with. Such ubiquitous approach to learning requires modeling of a variety of personal and environmental parameters. For example, learning system must know who the learner is, where he or she is right now, what technology is at the disposal of the learner at that
N. Seel (ed.), Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6, # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012
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particular moment, where this learner has
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