Understanding the Role of Inflammasomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis
- PDF / 665,258 Bytes
- 15 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 82 Downloads / 155 Views
REVIEW
Understanding the Role of Inflammasomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Rashita Makkar,1 Tapan Behl ,1,3 Simona Bungau,2 Arun Kumar,1 and Sandeep Arora1
Inflammasomes are the molecular pathways that activate upon conditions of infection or stress and trigger the activation and maturation of inflammatory cytokines. Immune reactions in conjugation with inflammatory processes play a pivotal role in developing innumerable diseases. An over reactive immune system fabricates many allergic and hypersensitive reactions in response to autoantibodies activated against modified self-epitopes and similar molecules. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex autoimmune inflammatory disorder commencing with inflammation in small joints like hands, knees, and wrist eventually entrapping larger joints such as spine. The formation of autoantibodies called rheumatoid factor (RF) and citrullinated proteins against immunoglobulin G symbolizes autoimmune nature of the disease. The presence of autoantibodies embarks principal diagnostic hallmark of the disease. With the advancement of technology, the therapeutic approach is also advancing. A new era of molecules, namely inflammasomes, are activated upon infection or in response to stress and trigger the activation of various proinflammatory cytokines such interleukins which engage in the defense mechanism of the innate immunity. Robust linking among the activity of dysregulated inflammasomes and the heritable acquired inflammatory diseases and disorders emphasizes the significance of this pathway in altering the immune responses. The current review highlights the functioning of inflammasomes and their possible role in disease dysregulation.
Abstract—
KEY WORDS: rheumatoid arthritis; innate immunity; inflammasomes; pannus formations; NLR family; CARD.
INTRODUCTION Exposure to certain toxicants and infections by various microorganisms in addition to autoimmunity results in
1
Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India 2 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania 3 To whom correspondence should be addressed at Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India. E-mail: [email protected]
chronic inflammation. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by failure of spontaneous resolution of inflammation with lifetime perseverance, becoming the principal cause of inactivity [1]. It is mainly characterized by cartilage erosion in response to pannus synthesis due to persistent inflammation, leading to chronic polyarthritis and distortion of joints. The resulting damage to the joints leads to functional deformities and bone degradation, making patient highly at unease [2]. The pattern, type, and number of joints involved in disease vary from patient to patient and depict the onset of the disease. The existence of several variables, namely genetic background, number of swollen
0360-3997/20/0000-0001/0 # 2020 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature
Makkar, Behl
Data Loading...
