Unexplained Patient Complaints
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Unexplained Patient Complaints ▶ Medically Unexplained Symptoms
more strongly related to individuals’ beliefs, unintentional nonadherence is more strongly related to demographics and clinical variables, such as age, socioeconomic factors, and stage of illness (DiMatteo, 2004).
Unexplained Symptoms
Cross-References
▶ Medically Unexplained Symptoms
▶ Nonadherence ▶ Noncompliance
References and Readings
Unintentional Nonadherence Tavis S. Campbell, Jillian A. Johnson and Kristin A. Zernicke Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Synonyms
DiMatteo, R. M. (2004). Variations in patients’ adherence to medical recommendations: A quantitative review of 50 years of research. Medical Care, 42(3), 200–209. Horne, R. (2007). Adherence to treatment. In S. Ayers, A. Baum, & C. McManus (Eds.), Cambridge handbook of psychology, health and medicine (pp. 417–423). Cambridge, MA: Cambridge University Press. Wroe, A. I. (2002). Intentional and unintentional nonadherence: A study of decision making. Journal of Behavioural Medicine, 25(4), 355–372.
Noncompliance
Unipolar Depression Definition Unintentional nonadherence refers to a nondeliberate alteration in treatment (e.g., medications, exercise, diet). Unintentional nonadherence includes forgetting, poor manual dexterity, lack of understanding of requirements, losing medications, or not being able to afford treatment (DiMatteo, 2004). Unlike intentional nonadherence that is
Amy Wachholtz Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
Synonyms Major depressive disorder
M.D. Gellman & J.R. Turner (eds.), Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9, # Springer Science+Business Media New York 2013
U
2020
United States Department of Labor
Definition
Cross-References
Unipolar depression is characterized by a combination of two types of symptoms: neurovegetative and emotional-cognitive. Neurovegetative symptoms are those symptoms that are directly related to the body (e.g., insomnia/hypersomnia, dysregulated eating, fatigue, and decreased energy). Emotional-cognitive symptoms involve those symptoms that are related to how a person processes information (e.g., suicidal ideation, decreased concentration, feeling worthless, anhedonia, and depressed mood). A combination of these depression symptoms must be unremitting for more than 2 weeks in order to be diagnosed with depression. Common treatments for depression include cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy, antidepressant medications, or a combination of these treatments. There are also a number of complementary treatments that are gaining empirical research support for use in combination with traditional approaches to enhance treatment outcomes. These include treatments such as exercise therapy, light therapy, and vitamin B and D supplements. Unipolar depression may be seen in conjunction with a number of physical health issues (see ▶ Comorbidity) including chronic pain, cancer, physical trauma, cardiac issues (heart attack), chroni
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