Unilateral Hearing Loss and Single-Sided Deafness in Children: an Update on Diagnosis and Management
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HEARING LOSS IN CHILDREN (D HORN AND H OU, SECTION EDITORS)
Unilateral Hearing Loss and Single-Sided Deafness in Children: an Update on Diagnosis and Management Patricia L. Purcell 1 & Sharon L. Cushing 1,2,3,4 & Blake C. Papsin 1,2,3,4 & Karen A. Gordon 1,2,3,4
# Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Purpose of Review This review highlights our current understanding of the impact of unilateral hearing loss and single-sided deafness in children, offering insight into diagnosis and management. Recent Findings Children with unilateral hearing loss develop an aural preference toward their better hearing ear, leading to difficulties with spatial navigation, balance, speech/language skills, and quality of life when compared with typical hearing peers. Cochlear nerve aplasia and cytomegalovirus are among the most common etiologies for unilateral hearing loss, which has important implications for treatment. Hearing rehabilitation relies upon early correction of hearing loss with an appropriate auditory prosthesis. In children with single-sided deafness, cochlear implants are the only intervention that potentially offers restoration of bilateral hearing, and studies continue to refine candidacy protocols. Summary Unilateral hearing loss has important consequences for children. Recent studies emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and investigate ways to appropriately restore bilateral hearing in these children. Keywords Single-sided deafness . Unilateral hearing loss . Development . Bilateral/binaural/spatial hearing . Etiology of hearing loss . Cochlear implant
Introduction
This article is part of the Topical collection on Hearing Loss in Children * Karen A. Gordon [email protected] Patricia L. Purcell [email protected] Sharon L. Cushing [email protected] Blake C. Papsin [email protected] 1
Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
2
Archie’s Cochlear Implant Laboratory, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
3
Department of Communication Disorders, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
4
Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
Unilateral hearing loss (UHL) is relatively common, affecting approximately 1 of every 2000 newborns and at least 3% of school-aged children [1–3]. Previous studies have found that children with UHL have higher rates of grade failure [4] and lower scores on speech/language and intelligence quotient testing [5–7] when compared with children with typical hearing. There has been growing interest in improving our management of these children [8]. Studying the impact of UHL can be challenging, as clinicians and researchers have often found themselves relying on testing measures that were developed with bilateral hearing loss in mind. In recent years, hearing health providers have gained better understanding of the
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