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Studies in Natural Language and Linguistic Theory VOLUME 76 Managing Editors Marcel den Dikken, City University of New York Liliane Haegeman, University of Lille Joan Maling, Brandeis University Editorial Board

Guglielmo Cinque, University of Venice Carol Georgopoulos, University of Utah Jane Grimshaw, Rutgers University Michael Kenstowicz, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Hilda Koopman, University of California, Los Angeles Howard Lasnik, University of Maryland Alec Marantz, Massachusetts Institute of Technology John J. McCarthy, University of Massachusetts, Amherst Ian Roberts, University of Cambridge

For other titles published in this series, go to www.springer.com/series/6559

UNIVERSALS OF LANGUAGE TODAY Edited by

SERGIO SCALISE University of Bologna, Italy

ELISABETTA MAGNI University of Bologna, Italy

and

ANTONIETTA BISETTO University of Bologna, Italy

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Editors Sergio Scalise via Cartoleria, 5 40124 Bologna (BO) Universit`a di Bologna Italy [email protected]

Elisabetta Magni via Cartoleria, 5 40124 Bologna (BO) Universit`a di Bologna Italy [email protected]

Antonietta Bisetto via Cartoleria, 5 40124 Bologna (BO) Universit`a di Bologna Italy [email protected]

Front cover: Castanea sativa, Photograph supplied by J.R.P. van Hoey Smith, Arboretum Trompenburg, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

ISBN: 978-1-4020-8824-7

e-ISBN: 978-1-4020-8825-4

Library of Congress Control Number: 2008932625 Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.

c 

Printed on acid-free paper 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 springer.com

To Edoardo Vineis amicitiae tuae memores atque grati

Preface

This book collects the contributions presented at the international congress held at the University of Bologna in January 2007, where leading scholars of different persuasions and interests offered an up-to-date overview of the current status of the research on linguistic universals. The papers that make up the volume deal with both theoretical and empirical issues, and range over various domains, covering not only morphology and syntax, which were the major focus of Greenberg’s seminal work, but also phonology and semantics, as well as diachrony and second language acquisition. Diverse perspectives illustrate and discuss a huge number of phenomena from a wide variety of languages, not only exploring the way research on universals intersects with different subareas of linguistics, but also contributing to the ongoing debate between functional and formal approaches to explaining the universals of language. This stimulating reading for scientists, researchers and postgraduate students in linguistics shows how different,