Urethral Caruncle and Prolapse
A urethral caruncle is a benign lesion of the distal urethra. Urethral prolapse occurs when the urethral mucosa is everted circumferentially all the way around the urethral meatus. In contrast, with a urethral caruncle, there is only partial eversion of t
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31
Amanda Selk
31.1 Introduction
31.3 Pathogenesis
Urethral caruncles are benign lesions that measure less than 1 cm in size and appear as bright red papules most commonly on the posterior edge of the urethra [1] (Fig. 31.1). A urethral prolapse can be identified by tissue that appears bright red circumferentially in a doughnut shape around the distal urethral meatus. Urethral caruncles are the most common benign tumor of the female urethra [2].
The etiology of caruncles and prolapse is unknown, but they seem to be related to low estrogen states as they occur predominantly in women who are postmenopausal. They are also seen in school-age prepubertal girls [2]. In the
31.2 Clinical Presentation The diagnosis of a caruncle or prolapse is based on clinical exam findings of a soft pink or red mass protruding for the urethral meatus often
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