Use of biochar for the sorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from cattle manure
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AIR POLLUTION: CHEMISTRY AND HEALTH RISKS
Use of biochar for the sorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from cattle manure Kyriaki Kaikiti 1 & Marinos Stylianou 1 & Agapios Agapiou 1 Received: 4 March 2020 / Accepted: 1 June 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The ability of biochar to be used as filter or as additive for the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from cattle manure is investigated. The employed biochar was produced from cattle manure after slow pyrolysis at 550 °C (under nitrogen). Towards this, in-house-made glass emission reactors were filled with fresh cattle manure samples and a thin layer of biochar (10% w/w) was placed on the top of the manure layer. The mixture was left for 24 h to equilibrate and air samples were collected from the headspace air. The samples were then analyzed using the headspace solid-phase micro-extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) method. Cattle manure emissions are considered unpleasant and odoriferous. The respective changes in the emitted cattle manure VOCs were reported; these included mainly reduction in sulfur(thiols and sulfides) and oxygen-containing VOCs (alcohols, ketones, phenolics), showing a promising application of biochar for the removal of such compounds from manure wastes. Also, five VOCs were selected as sorbents for further laboratory studies: hexane, dimethyl trisulfide, phenol, p-cresol, and 2-methyl-3-pentanone. The results of cattle manure-derived biochar, revealed a reduction in their emitted concentrations (low ppbv). The present application highlights a straightforward example of cyclic economy, where a waste product is reused after being processed; its re-usage as odor adsorbent serves again the agriculture sector. Keywords Air quality . Biochar . Manure . Livestock . Sorbents . Waste
Introduction Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are abundantly released both from biogenic and anthropogenic applications. The latter activities are often characterized by the emission of VOCs negatively affecting the environment (e.g., formation of tropospheric photochemical smog (VOCs + NOx + sunshine) and decrease of stratospheric ozone) and human health. Although VOCs are emitted in low concentrations, they are characterized by their odor threshold values-the minimum
Responsible Editor: Zhihong Xu Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-09545-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Agapios Agapiou [email protected] 1
Department of Chemistry, University of Cyprus, P.O. Box 20537, CY-1678 Nicosia, Cyprus
concentration of a human-recognizable odor. The excess exposure to some VOCs may cause mild or serious health problems, as indicatively shown in Table 1. Therefore, there are many initiatives and protocols (e.g., Goteborg and Kyoto protocols, national rules) towards their regulation and reduction. Especially, livestock facilities (e.g., cattle, swine,
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